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Analytical grade solvents

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Analytical grade solvents are high-purity chemical compounds used in various laboratory applications, such as sample preparation, extraction, and analysis. These solvents are designed to meet stringent standards for consistency, purity, and performance, ensuring reliable and accurate results in scientific research and testing.

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6 protocols using analytical grade solvents

1

Analytical Solvents and Staining

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Analytical grade solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). DHB was purchased from Acros (New Jersey), and 9-AA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). ITO-coated glass slides were obtained from Bruker Daltonics (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific (San Jose, CA).
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2

Spectroscopic Characterization and Purification

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NMR spectra were measured on a Bruker AU III 500 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) and chemical shifts were referenced to the residual solvent signals. IR spectrum was carried out on Agilent Technologies Cary 630 FTIR (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). GC/Q-ToF mass data were recorded on an Agilent 7890 GC and the Agilent 7250 Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer equipped with an electron ionization source operated with an electron energy of 70 eV. The data were acquired utilizing Agilent MassHunter software (version B7.06.274). Flash silica gel (32–63µ, Dynamic Adsorbents Inc, Norcross, GA, USA) was used as an adsorbent in column chromatography (CC). TLC was performed on silica gel F254 aluminum sheet (20 × 20 cm) (Sorbent Tech., Norcross, GA, USA). Spots were visualized on TLC by spraying with 0.5% vanillin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution in conc. H2SO4–EtOH (5:95) followed by heating. Analytical grade solvents (Fisher Chemicals, Hampton, NH, USA) were used for purification.
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3

Lipid-based Curcumin Formulation Development

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The solid lipids (Compritol™ 888 ATO, Precirol™ ATO 5, Geleol™, Dynasan™ 114, Dynasan™ 116, Gelucire™ 43/01, Gelucire™ 44/14, and Gelucire™ 50/13) and liquid lipids (Labrafilm™, Maisine™, and Capryol 90™) were gifted by Gattefossé (Weil and Rhein, Germany). The curcumin (purity > 98%), surfactants, analytical grade solvents, and all other chemicals were bought from Fisher Scientific (Massachusetts, US).
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4

Analytical Solvent Preparation and Characterization

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Preparation of extracts was carried out with analytical grade solvents from Tedia Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). LC-ESI/TOF-MS/MS analyses used HPLC grade solvents from Tedia Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). HPCCC separations were performed with analytical grade solvents from Fisher Chemicals (Loughborough, UK). ESI-MS/MS analyses were done with HPLC grade solvents from VWR Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). NMR analyses used deuterated solvents from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tweksbury, MA, USA) and TMS as internal standard. All aqueous solutions were prepared with pure water produced by Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ) system (Thame, UK).
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5

Polyphenol Extraction and Characterization

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Analytical‐grade solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and H2O2 were purchased from Univar (Ingleburn, NSW, Australia). Chemicals, polyphenolic standards (gallic acid, quercetin, rutin), proteinase K and RPMI‐1640 were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from iDNA Biotechnology, Singapore. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and ethidium bromide were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was from Bio‐Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). TRIzol® reagent was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). RNase A and DNA ladders were obtained from Thermo Scientific (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Ultrapure water from a Milli‐Q‐plus filter system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used throughout the experiments.
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6

Purification and Characterization of Rhein

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Rhein was purchased from Nanjing Zelang Medical Technology Co. Ltd. (P.R. China) and used without further purification. All other starting materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA) or Oakwood Chemical (USA), and analytical-grade solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (USA). Anhydrous chemical solvents were used for all moisture-sensitive reactions. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses were conducted by the Georgia State University mass spectrometry facilities using ABI API 3200 (ESI-Triple Quadruple) instrument. 1H- (400 MHz) and 13C-NMR (100 MHz) spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc (USA). Chemical shifts were reported as δ values (ppm). TMS (δ = 0.00 ppm) or residual peaks of the deuterated solvent were used as the internal reference.
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