Shorrboard

A custom length board, standardized against the infant and child ShorrBoard (Weigh and Measure) and Seca 417 infantometer (Seca) were used for length measurements. Length measurements were performed by study nurses and midwives who were given lessons on theory and participated in lab sessions on WHO standard child growth assessment procedures to measure length. Measurements were recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Length was measured as single measurements (rather than averaging repeated measures for patient acceptability) during scheduled child follow-up visits at birth, on days 6, 28, and 42 after birth; and at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months of age; as well as from health facility visits (ie, outpatient visits or hospital admissions).

We collected data on demographics (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]), household assets, participant‐reported smoking status (never, current, and former smoker), and work‐related physical activity (vigorous, moderate, and sedentary). We also collected data on use of table salt during cooking (yes or no), consumption of additional table salt with food (yes or no), alcohol consumption (yes or no), hours of sleep (<6, ≥6 to <9, and ≥9 hours), and self‐reported disease status (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney diseases) using a structured questionnaire. We used the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Physical Activity Questionnaire for determining participants physical activity status.18 Participants’ weight was measured in all visits using a Seca weight machine (model: 874‐1321009; accuracy: 0.05–0.1 kg, Hamburg, Germany) and height in 1 visit using a Shorr board (accuracy: 1/8” or 0.1 cm; Olney, Maryland).