Primary antibody for α tubulin

Bupivacaine, lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine and primary antibody for α‐Tubulin were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ropivacaine was from Meilun Bioteck (Dalian, China). Primary antibodies for LC3, p62, beclin‐1, mTOR, phospho‐mTOR (p‐mTOR), p70S6K and phospho‐p70S6K (p‐p70S6K), tuberin and phosphor‐tuberin (p‐tuberin) were from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). Bafilomycin A1 was from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reagent was from Bio Besic, Inc (Markham, ON, Canada). Lipofectamine 2000^® reagent was from Life Technologies. BCA protein assay kit and supersignal west pico chemiluminescent substrate were obtained from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). siRNA of beclin‐1 was synthesized by GenePharma (Shanghai, China).

LA, chloroquine (CQ) and primary antibody for α‐Tubulin were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rapamycin (Rap) was from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). Primary antibodies for Bcl‐2, Bax, phosphor‐Akt (p‐Akt^Ser473), phosphor‐mTOR (p‐mTOR^Ser2448) and total mTOR, phospho‐p70S6K (p‐p70S6K^{Thr421/Ser424}) and p70S6K, VPS34, Beclin‐1, LC3‐II and p62 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Primary antibodies for ATG13 were obtained from San Ying Biotechnology (Wuhan, China). A primary antibody for glyceraldehyde‐3 phosphate dehydrogenase was from Bioworld Technology (Louis Park, MN, USA). Complete protease inhibitor cocktail was purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide] reagent was from BioBasic, Inc. (Markham, ON, Canada). Cell‐Light™ EdU Apollo 567 In Vitro Kit was from RiboBio Technology (Guangzhou, China). SuperSignal West Pico chemiluminescent substrate was from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). FBS was from Life Technology (Grand Island, NY, USA). The plasmid‐expressed rat LC3 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP–LC3) was provided by Addgene (Cambridge, MA, USA) [21].