Polycaprolactone (PCL, M.W. 80000) and Ibuprofen (IBU) with 99.9% purity were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Dichloromethane (DCM) (AR Grade) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) (AR Grade) were obtained from SRL Chemicals, India. Dulbeccos minimum essential media, High glucose (DMEM-HG), Dulbeccos phosphate buffered saline (DPBS, pH 7.4), fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotic- antimycotic solution (100X), trypsin (0.25%) EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid) (0.02%) solution, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were procured from Hi-Media Laboratories, India. All other chemicals were purchased from SRL Chemicals, India.
Ibuprofen ibu
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as a pain reliever and fever reducer. It works by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and pain. Ibuprofen is commonly used to treat various conditions, such as headaches, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, and arthritis.
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Lab products found in correlation
Lps escherichia coli o127 b8, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gypenosides, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diclofenac sodium dcf, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Antibiotic antimycotic solution 100x, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt dimethyl sulfoxide dmso, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Dipotassium phosphate k2hpo4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Human serum albumin fraction 5, by MP Biomedicals (1 mentions)
Nah2po4 2h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nahco3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mgso4 7h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nano3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Inorganic salts, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium dioxide p25, by Evonik (1 mentions)
2 5 furan dicarboxylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lc ms grade methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carvacrol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
13 protocols using ibuprofen ibu
1
Polycaprolactone-Ibuprofen Composite Fabrication
2
Intracerebroventricular LPS Administration in Rats
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Gypenosides, ibuprofen (IBU), and LPS (Escherichia coli; O127:B8) were obtained by Sigma-Aldrich Company (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). LPS administrated intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain according to the method of Guo et al. [33 (link)] controlled anesthesia with 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Injection of LPS was delivered at a rate of 2 μL/1 min (total 5 min) and injection needles were left in place an additional 5 min. The sham control animals were administrated the vehicle (i.c.v. and i.p.) instead of one of the drug solutions.
3
Probing HSA-Ibuprofen Interactions
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Human serum albumin (HSA), fraction V were obtained from MP Biomedicals LLC (Illkirch, France). Ibuprofen (IBU), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), and dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and methanol were purchased from POCH S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). All reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
4
Ibuprofen Degradation in Water Matrices
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Ibuprofen (IBU) (C13H18O2, 206,28 g mol−1) and inorganic salts (MgSO4·7H2O, NaHCO3, NaNO3, NaH2PO4·2H2O, CaCl2) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. The concentrations of the salts applied in the experiments were selected based on the literature (Nawrocki and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2010 (link); Szymański et al. 2016 (link); Khuntia et al. 2016 (link)) in order to evaluate the influence of typical inorganic compounds present in natural waters.
5
Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals
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2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (purum 97%), ethylene glycol anhydrous 99.8% (EG), tetrabutyltitanate (TBT) catalyst of analytical grade, Ibuprofen (IBU), acetaminophen (ACM) and diclofenac (DCF) sodium were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Titanium dioxide P25 from Evonik (Marl, Germany) (particle size 20–30 nm; crystal structure: ~80% anatase and 20% rutile; surface area: 56 m2/g, zero point of charge ~6.3–6.8) was used as photocatalyst. LC-MS-grade methanol was supplied by Merck (Athens, Greece). Ultrapure water for the experiments was obtained from a Millipore Waters Milli-Q water purification system (Merck SA Hellas, Athens, Greece).
6
Quercetin and Ibuprofen Alleviate LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation
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Quercetin, ibuprofen (IBU), and LPS (Escherichia coli; O127 : B8) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). The chemical structure of QUER is shown in Figure 1 . LPS was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain as described previously [3 (link)]. Injection of LPS was delivered at a rate of 2 μL/1 min (total 5 min).
The standard dose of LPS in rats and the long-term treatment schedule used in the present study were based on a previous study [3 (link)]. QUER and the IBU were administrated intraperitoneally in a volume of 1 ml/kg for 21 days after LPS injection. QUER and IBU were dissolved in 0.9% saline before use. The entire experimental schedule of LPS injection and behavioral examinations is shown inFigure 2 .
The standard dose of LPS in rats and the long-term treatment schedule used in the present study were based on a previous study [3 (link)]. QUER and the IBU were administrated intraperitoneally in a volume of 1 ml/kg for 21 days after LPS injection. QUER and IBU were dissolved in 0.9% saline before use. The entire experimental schedule of LPS injection and behavioral examinations is shown in
7
Intracerebroventricular LPS Injection
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Carvacrol, ibuprofen (IBU), and LPS (Escherichia coli; O127:B8) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). LPS was administered intracerebroventricularly into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain according to the method of Guo et al. [26 (link)] with put under general anesthesia of 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital through intraperitoneal injection. Fifty micrograms of LPS dissolved in 10 µl cerebrospinal fluid was microinjected into the lateral ventricle in the rat brains in all lesion groups. Injection of LPS was delivered at a rate of 2 µl/1 min (total 5 min) and injection needles were left in place for an additional 5 min.
8
Effects of Jasmonic Acid and Ibuprofen on Rice Panicles
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JA and ibuprofen (IBU) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. They were dissolved in a small amount of ethanol and diluted to the desired concentration with deionized water. Control water received the same amount of ethanol alone, but without JA or IBU. The pH values of all treatment solutions were adjusted to 6.5 with 0.1 M HCl or NaOH.
Panicles having florets nearing anthesis, in which several florets had flowered before the experimental date, were selected for tests. The selected panicles were carefully immersed in 100-ml flasks containing different treatment solutions for 30 s. The effects of the treatments on lodicule volume, lodicule fresh and dry weights, lodicule water content, filament length and potassium and total soluble sugar (TSS) contents were monitored.
Panicles having florets nearing anthesis, in which several florets had flowered before the experimental date, were selected for tests. The selected panicles were carefully immersed in 100-ml flasks containing different treatment solutions for 30 s. The effects of the treatments on lodicule volume, lodicule fresh and dry weights, lodicule water content, filament length and potassium and total soluble sugar (TSS) contents were monitored.
9
Multianalyte LC-MS/MS Quantification Protocol
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All reference standards (> 98% purity): azithromycin dehydrate (AZT), carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac sodium (DCF), fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX), venlafaxine hydrochloride (VFX), acetaminophen (ACET), dexamethasone crystalline (DEXA), and ibuprofen (IBU), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinhein, Germany). The respective deuterated compounds used as internal standards (azithromycin-d3, diclofenac-d4, fluoxetine-d5, ibuprofen-d3, carbamazepine-d10, venlafaxine-d6; >98% purity) were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinhein, Germany). Stock solutions of each reference and internal standard (ca. 1000 µg mL−1) were prepared in Methanol. A working solution containing all reference analytes (1.0 µg mL−1), and another containing all the internal standards (5.0 µg mL−1), were prepared by dilution of the individual stock solutions in Methanol.
Methanol (MeOH, ≥ 99.9% purity), ethyl acetate (EtAc, ≥ 99.9% purity) and formic acid (≥ 96% purity) were purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA). Acetonitrile MS grade was acquired from VWR International (Oregon, USA). Ultrapure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was supplied by a Milli-Q water system from Millipore (Massachusetts, USA).
Methanol (MeOH, ≥ 99.9% purity), ethyl acetate (EtAc, ≥ 99.9% purity) and formic acid (≥ 96% purity) were purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA). Acetonitrile MS grade was acquired from VWR International (Oregon, USA). Ultrapure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was supplied by a Milli-Q water system from Millipore (Massachusetts, USA).
10
Neuroinflammation Modulation in Rats
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Gypenosides, ibuprofen (IBU), and LPS (Escherichia coli; O127:B8) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). LPS was administrated intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain under anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. LPS (50 μg) was dissolved in 10 μL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; Sigma). Injection of LPS was performed at a rate of 2 μL/min (total: 5 min) and the injection needles were left in place for an additional 5 min. The standard dose of LPS in rats and the long-term treatment schedule used in the present study were based on a previous study (Lee et al. 2013 (link)). Sham control animals were administered vehicle alone (i.c.v. and i.p.) instead of one of the drug solutions. GPS and IBU were dissolved in 0.9% saline before use. The entire experimental schedule of LPS injection and behavioral examinations is shown in Figure 1 .
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Experimental schedule of lesion generation, Gypenosides administration, and behavioral tests in rats. LPS; lipopolysaccharide.
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