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12 protocols using odyssey two color infrared fluorescence imaging system

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Cells were harvested and then resuspended the cells in RIPA buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) supplemented with protease and phosphatases inhibitors (Roche, 4906837001, Mannheim, Germany). The samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels and then transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore Corporation, ISEQ00010, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were experienced incubation with QuickBlock™ Blocking Buffer (Beyotime, P0228, Shanghai, China), primary antibodies, and IRDye 800CW goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) or IRDye 680LT donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (Li-cor, Lincoln, NE, USA) secondary antibody. Immunoreactivity was detected by an Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (Li-cor, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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2

Whole-cell Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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The western blot assay was conducted as previously reported [29 (link)]. In brief, whole-cell lysates were obtained by suspending cells in RIPA buffer (P0013B, Beyotime, Shanghai, China), followed by protein quantification using a BCA (Bicinchoninic Acid) Protein Assay Kit (P0010S, Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Immunoreactivity was visualized by an odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences, NE, USA). β-Tubulin was used as the loading control.
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3

Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis

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Co-IP and Western blot analysis were performed as described previously (46 (link)). HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids for 24 h were lysed with cell lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, and 10% glycerol) containing 1 mM PMSF (Beyotime) and 1× protease inhibitor mixture (MedChemExpress). The cell lysates were incubated with anti-FLAG (M2) beads (Sigma; catalog no.: A2220-5ML) overnight at 4 °C on a roller. The immunoprecipitants were subjected to electrophoresis. In addition, to identify the interactions between endogenous proteins, PAMs were noninfected or infected with ASFV (1 MOI) for 36 h. The cell lysates then were incubated with an anti-S273R polyclonal antibody or IgG for 8 h at 4 ˚C, and S273R complexes were captured using protein A + G-Sepharose. For Western blotting analysis, equal amounts of cell lysates and immunoprecipitants were resolved by 12% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (catalog no.: ISEQ00010; Merck-Millipore). After incubation with primary and secondary antibodies as indicated, the membranes were visualized by an Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR).
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4

Western Blot Protein Analysis

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Cells were lysed in ice-cold RIPA lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. 89901) supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail and a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche, catalog no. 4906845001). The resulting cell lysates were then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 30 min. Total proteins from the cell extracts were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Following incubation with the primary and secondary antibodies, the membranes were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. 32106) or an Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Samples from the cells and animals were lysed in RIPA lysis buffer containing protease inhibitor and phosphatase inhibitor. The proteins were quantified by BCA kits (Beyotime Biotechnology, Beijing). Proteins were separated on a 12% gel and 10% gel transferred onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States). The membranes were blocked for 40 min with 5% (w/v) milk dissolved in 0.1% Tween-20 in TBS at room temperature and then were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: GPX4 (1 : 1000), SCL7A11 (1 : 1000), tublin (1 : 1000, ABclonal, United States, A12289), and GAPDH (1 : 1000). Subsequently, the membranes were washed thrice with TBST, and the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies rabbit/mouse polyclonal antibody for 60 min. Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR, United States) was used to visualize the signals. Image-Pro Plus software was used to analyze the relative band densities, and the band densities of target proteins were normalized to that of GAPDH or tublin. All experiments were repeated at least in triplicate.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of BMSC Markers

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BMSCs were seeded into 6-well plate (2 × 105 cells/well). Cells were lysed using RIPA lysate (Beyotime) and protease inhibitor cocktail (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) on the ice. The protein concentration was measured using the BCA kit (BOSTER, Wuhan, China). Each sample (40 µg) was analyzed by 10% SDS-PAGE gel (Beyotime) and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Merck Millipore, Shanghai, China). The membrane was sealed by 5% skim milk at room temperature for 1 h followed by TBST washes thrice for 5 min each. The PVDF membrane was incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: KDM6B (1:1000, DF13101, Affinity Biosciences, Jiangsu, China), N cadherin (1:1000, AF5239, Affinity Biosciences), CXCR4 (1:1000, AF5279, Affinity Biosciences), GAPDH (1:5000, AF7021, Affinity Biosciences). Next day, the primary antibodies were recycled and membrane was washed with TBST for 3 times for 10 minutes each. The anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (DyLight™ 680 Conjugate) (1:10000, CST, Shanghai, China) was used as secondary antibody at room temperature for 30 min. After three washes with TBST, the protein expression level was detected by Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR, USA) and measured by ImageJ.
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7

Immunoblotting Technique for Protein Analysis

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We performed immunoblotting as an established protocol84 (link). In brief, the protein samples were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels and then transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore Corporation). The membrane (contained target protein) was blocked in TBST buffer (Beyotime) with 5% nonfat dry milk (2 h, RT) and then incubated with primary antibody (4 °C, overnight). Next, the membrane was washed in TBST several times, and then incubated with secondary antibody (invitrogen). After 2 h, the membranes were washed with TBST several times and were visualized by ECL. The images were taken by an Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (Li-cor, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Exosomal Proteins

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Protein extracts from exosomes or liver tissue were separated by 10% SDA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and electrotransferred to a 0.2 µm nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking for 1 h in bovine serum albumin (BSA), the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight and then incubated with a secondary antibody. After the membranes were washed 3 times with TBS and tween 20 (TBST), the protein bands were visualized using an Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR, Nebraska, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol and analyzed with a gel image analyzer. The antibodies used in this study were as follows: CD63 (ab10895), CD9 (ab92726, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CD81 (18250-1-AP, Proteintech), NLRP3 (ab214185), ASC (ab47092), caspase-1 (ab1872) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech, Rosemont, USA).
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9

Co-IP and Western Blot Analysis of ASFV Protein Interactions

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Co-IP and Western blot analysis were performed, as described previously (49 (link)). At 36 h posttransfection (hpt), the cells transfected with the different plasmids were lysed with the cell lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, and 10% glycerol) containing 1 mM PMSF and 1× protease inhibitor mixture (Roche Diagnostics). The cell lysates were incubated with anti-Flag agarose beads (A2220-5ML, Sigma) overnight at 4 °C on a roller. The immunoprecipitants were subjected to electrophoresis. To identify the interactions between endogenous proteins, PAMs were either mock-infected or infected with ASFV (1 MOI) for 36 h. The cell lysates then were incubated with anti-S273R monoclonal antibody or IgG for 8 h at 4 °C, and S273R complexes were captured using protein A+G-Sepharose (Pierce Protein A/G Plus Agarose, Thermo). The equal amounts of cell lysates and immunoprecipitants were resolved by 12% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to polyvinylidine difluoride membranes (ISEQ00010, Merck-Millipore). After incubation with primary and secondary antibodies as indicated, the membranes were visualized by an Odyssey two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of PDAC Cell Lines

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The PDAC cell lines HPAC and PANC-1 were cultured in culture flasks and collected when they became confluent. Cells were subsequently homogenized in a radioimmunoprecipitation buffer for protein extraction [50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 10 µl/ml protease inhibitor cocktail and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; cat. no. P0013B; Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology]. The protein samples were separated by either 8 or 10% SDS-PAGE and subsequently transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Merck KGaA). Following 3 washes for 10 min/wash with 20 mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.5), 0.15 M NaCl and 0.05% Tween-20 (TBST), cells were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBST for 1 h at room temperature. Membranes were then incubated overnight with primary antibodies at 4°C (Table II). The membranes were subsequently incubated with secondary goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP-conjugated antibodies (1:1,000; cat. no. 111-625-144; LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) for 1 h at room temperature. Protein bands were visualized using a chemiluminescence detection system (Odyssey® two-color infrared fluorescence imaging system; LI-COR Biosciences). Protein levels were normalized to GAPDH (1:10,000; cat. no. G9545; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) levels and quantified using ImageJ software version 1.43b (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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