Cholesterol

Piperine (PPN) was purchased from Beijing Mesochem Technology Co. Pvt Ltd. (Beijing, China). Cholesterol and Phospholipon^® 90H (phosphatidylcholine (PC)) were purchased from Alpha Chemika and Lipoid (Lipoid GMBH). Sodium cholate was procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck), Mumbai, India. Chitosan (degree of deacetylation: >95%) was purchased from UFC Biotechnology, Amherst, NY, USA.

Isopropyl isothiocyanate, was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Span 20, span 40, span 60, and span 80 were purchased from SD fine chemicals, Mumbai, India. Phospholipid 90G was received as gift sample from Lipoid GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) was purchased from CDH Fine chemicals, New Delhi, India. The other materials, thrombin, carageenan, and chromogenic substrate, were procured from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Cholesterol was purchased from Alpha Chemika, (Mumbai, India). Methanol and chloroform was purchased from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK.

Polyethylene glycol, lecithin, and cholesterol were purchased from Alpha Chemika, (Mumbai, India). Ethanol and chloroform were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Double-distilled water was obtained from the distillation unit.
Fruits of the Punica granatum Linn. (common name: pomegranate, family: Punicaceae) were collected in the Hyderabad, Telanagana, India area. Fresh peels were separated from the seeds. The plant was authenticated by Dr. L. Rasingam, Department of Botany, Osmania University (PCOG.H-221). The collected peel material was washed in running tap water and then rinsed with distilled water. The dried peels were subjected to drying at room temperature for about two weeks in the open air. The dried peels were powdered using a mixer grinder and passed through sieve no. 85.