Imaging was performed with a 3-T Siemens MAGNETOM Trio scanner using a 32-channel receive head coil (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Respiratory parameters and blood volume pulse were measured continuously (Expression; Invivo, Gainesville, FL, USA), digitised (Power 1401-3A; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK) and stored using Spike2 software (Cambridge Electronic Design). Presentation software (Neurobehavioral Systems) was used for stimulus presentation and a CED 1401 analogue-digital converter (Cambridge Electronic Design) was used for response logging. Each of four scanning sessions lasted ∼16 min.
Power1401 3a
Manufactured by Cambridge Electronic Design
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Power1401-3A is a lab equipment product that provides power and control functionality for electronic devices. It offers three independent output channels with adjustable voltage and current settings. The Power1401-3A is designed for use in various laboratory and research environments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
6 protocols using power1401 3a
1
Multimodal Neuroimaging Protocol
2
EMG and Force Sensor Analysis in Gait
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Electromyography (EMG) signals were amplified using a Delsys Bagnoli-4 amplifier (Delsys Inc., Boston, MA, USA), sampled at 5000 Hz with Signal software (Power 1401-3A, Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). EMG was collected from the tibialis anterior on the right (TAR) and left (TAL) legs to measure muscle activity in step and stance legs. Footswitch force sensors (B&L Engineering, Santa Ana, CA, USA) were placed inside the bottom of the shoes of each participant to detect liftoff data for step initiation. A force sensitive resistor was fixed on top of the support handle to detect contact with the handle (note: this sensor could detect contact even if the handle was covered to indicate if a grasp error occurred).
3
Surface EMG Recordings of Arm Muscles
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Muscle activity was recorded using pairs of surface electrodes (Blue Sensor, Ambu A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) from six muscles of the right arm: flexor carpi radialis (FCR), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and extensor digitorum communis (EDC). Electrodes were placed over the muscle belly, in-line with fiber orientation, and procedures followed previous placement guidelines [10 (link),11 (link),17 (link),31 (link),32 ]. A ground electrode was placed on the lateral epicondyle of the right arm. Prior to electrode placement, all recording sites were shaved of hair using a disposable razor and were sanitized with an isopropyl alcohol swab. EMG was band-pass filtered (10–1000 Hz) and differentially amplified (gain of 500; CMRR > 100 dB at 60 Hz; input impedance ~10 GΩ; AMT-8, Bortec Biomedical Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada). EMG and grip force data were sampled at 5000 Hz (Power 1401–3A, Cambridge Electronic Design Ltd., Cambridge, UK).
4
Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats: Brain Activity
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The experiments were carried out 2–3 days after surgery. The experimental setting for LFP recordings consisted of an amplifier (×1000 gain), Cambridge Electronic Design (CED) Power1401-3A data acquisition interface, and Spike2 software (CED), sampling rate 25,000 Hz. During the recording process, the animals were placed in a 25 cm × 25 cm × 25 cm Plexiglas box located within a Faraday cage.
Brain activity was recorded in six WT and six DAT-KO rats, on two subsequent days: for one hour (60 min) after a saline injection (0.9% NaCl i.p., 30 min before the recording), and for one hour after an acute GF injection (0.25 mg/kg, i.p., 60 min before the recording). Brain activity after a repeated GF injection was recorded in six WT and seven DAT-KO rats (daily administration, 0.25 mg/kg i.p. for two weeks prior to the start of recording). For behavior monitoring, video was recorded simultaneously with brain activity. Only parts of the recordings where the animals were awake were used in the subsequent analysis.
Brain activity was recorded in six WT and six DAT-KO rats, on two subsequent days: for one hour (60 min) after a saline injection (0.9% NaCl i.p., 30 min before the recording), and for one hour after an acute GF injection (0.25 mg/kg, i.p., 60 min before the recording). Brain activity after a repeated GF injection was recorded in six WT and seven DAT-KO rats (daily administration, 0.25 mg/kg i.p. for two weeks prior to the start of recording). For behavior monitoring, video was recorded simultaneously with brain activity. Only parts of the recordings where the animals were awake were used in the subsequent analysis.
5
Chronic EEG/EMG Recordings in Freely Moving Animals
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After 10 days of recovery, the PCP-socket mounted on the animal’s head was connected to a pre-amplifier (amplification factor: 1x, custom made, NPI electronics, Tamm, Germany) and a commutator (SL-10 slip-ring commutator, Dragonfly Research & Development, Ridgeley, WV, USA) through a flexible recording cable. The commutator was mounted on a swivel system (custom made, M. Streicher, Innsbruck, Austria) that neutralizes weight and allows free movement of the animal in all three dimensions. After 4 days of adaptation to the cable attachment, 23 h of chronic EEG/EMG recordings were acquired. All recordings began at 09:00 and ended at 08:00 the following morning. Each recording channel was individually amplified (DPA-2FL, NPI electronics, Tamm, Germany) with a gain of 1000 × and filtered with a high-pass filter at 0.1 Hz, low-pass filter at 1000 Hz, and a 50 Hz hardware notch filter. The EEG and EMG signals were digitized with an analog–digital converter (Power1401-3A, Cambridge Electronic Design Limited, Cambridge, England) at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. All data were recorded with Spike2 Software (Version 7, CED, Cambridge, Great Britain, https://ced.co.uk/products/spkovin ) and stored offline for further data analyses.
6
Electrophysiological Recording of Saline and ATX Effects
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Experimental setting for electrophysiological recordings consisted of an amplifier (×1000 gain), Cambridge Electronic Design (CED) Power1401-3A data acquisition interface, and Spike2 software (CED), sampling rate 25,000 Hz. During the recording process, animals were placed in 25 × 25 × 25 cm plexiglas box, which, along with the amplifier, was located in a Faraday cage.
Brain activity was recorded, on two different days, for an hour after saline injection (0.9% NaCl i.p., 30 min before recording) and for an hour after ATX injection (3 mg/kg i.p., 30 min before recording). For behavior monitoring, video was recorded simultaneously with brain activity. Only parts of recordings where the animals were awake were used in subsequent analysis.
Brain activity was recorded, on two different days, for an hour after saline injection (0.9% NaCl i.p., 30 min before recording) and for an hour after ATX injection (3 mg/kg i.p., 30 min before recording). For behavior monitoring, video was recorded simultaneously with brain activity. Only parts of recordings where the animals were awake were used in subsequent analysis.
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