G k peptide

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), D-fructose, D-ribose, methylglyoxal (MGO), L-alanine, aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), 1,2-phenylenediamine (PD), 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline (DQ), α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), ascorbic acid, 2,2′-bipyridyl, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and iron (II) sulfate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). G.K. peptide was purchased from Bachem Americas, Inc. (Torrance, CA, USA) and all HPLC solvents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA).

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), D-fructose, aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), methylglyoxal (MGO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), L-alanine, resveratrol (RESV), quercetin, and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DC-FDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). G.K. peptide was purchased from Bachem (Torrance, CA, USA). DMEM, phenol red-free DMEM medium and Trypsin-Versene were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). Phosphatase inhibitor cocktail was purchased from Roche (Indianapolis, IN, USA). Laemmli buffer and blotting buffers were obtained from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Primary antibodies for extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phospho-ERK (Thr 202/Tyr 204), p38 and phosphorylated-p38 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The cell counting kit (CCK-8) reagent was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies (Rockville, Maryland). The preparation and chemical composition of the food-grade phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) has been previously reported by our group (see Fig. S1 and Table S1 in the Supplementary Information).^{20 (link), 28 (link)}