Ocug 1

Human GBC cell lines were obtained as follows: GBC-SD and SGC-996, from the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (Shanghai, China), and OCUG-1 and NOZ were from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources JCRB cell Bank (Osaka, Japan). Human ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma cell lines OVTOKO were also obtained from the JCRB Cell Bank. GBC-SD and OVTOKO cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, NY, USA), SGC-996 and OCUG-1 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (Gibco), and NOZ cells were cultured in William’s E medium (Gibco), with all media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 10 units/ml penicillin, and 10 mg/ml streptomycin (1% P/S, Thermo Scientific HyClone, UT, USA). All cell lines were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ and subcultured during the logarithmic phase. GBC cell lines and OVTOKO cells were authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling, as described previously. The short tandem repeat profiles are presented in Supplementary Figure S2.

The human GBC cell lines NOZ, EH-GB-1, EH-GB-2, SGC-996 and GBC-SD were purchased from the Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). The OCUG-1 cell line was obtained from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan). The NOZ cell line was maintained in William’s medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco). The GBC-SD cells were maintained in DMEM medium (Gibco). The EH-GB-1, EH-GB-2, SGC-996 and OCUG-1 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco). DHA was purchased from Selleck Chemicals and dissolved in DMSO. Primary antibodies against TCTP, vinculin, paxillin and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).

The human GBC cell lines GBC-SD and SGC-996 were purchased from the Shanghai Institute for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Science (Shanghai, China), and the NOZ, EH-GB1, and OCUG-1 cell lines were obtained from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan). The GBC-SD, NOZ, EH-GB1, and OCUG-1 cell lines were cultured in high-glucose DMEM (Gibco, NY, USA), and the SGC-996 cell line was cultured in Rosewell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA). All of the above media were supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (Gibco, NY, USA), and all of the above cell lines were cultured at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂.