Unisart cn140

Test strips were manufactured according to Posthuma-Trumpie, Korf & Van Amerongen (2008) (link). Briefly, a Linomat V (Camag, Muttenz, Switzerland) was used to dispense antibodies onto a nitrocellulose membrane of 2.5 cm wide. For the control line, goat anti-mouse IgG (M5899; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dispensed at a dose of 2.0 µg cm⁻¹ at the position two cm away from the dipping point. For the test line, capture antibody (10-2698 from Fitzgerald or HM026 from EastCoast Bio) was dispensed at a dose of 0.5–2.0 µg cm⁻¹ at the position 1.5 cm away from the dipping point. The membrane was then dried for 2 h at 37 °C. An absorption pad (Extra Thick Blot Paper, BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) was applied to the dried membranes, which were then cut to a width of four mm by an Autokun cutter (Hangzhou Autokun Technology, Hangzhou, China). Finally, test strips were sealed in aluminum packages with a desiccation pad and stored at 4 °C until use. Three nitrocellulose membrane types were tested, namely CNPC-SS12, 10 µm with wicking time of 140 ± 28 s/40 mm (MDI Technologies, Ambala Cantt, India), UniSart^® CN140 with wicking time of 95–155 s/40 mm, and UniSart^® CN 95 with wicking time of 65–115 s/ 40 mm (Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany).

The absorbent pad (CH37K), PVC backing plate (SMA31-40), and sample pads (HG-2) were purchased from Shanghai Liangxin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The nitrocellulose (NC) membranes (UniSartCN140) were purchased from Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH (Goettingen, Germany). A Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) was used to measure the size and charge of the nanoparticles. A UniqueR-10 pure water instrument was purchased from Ewell Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). A microplate reader (MultiskanMK3) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The UV analyzer was obtained from Zhicheng Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhengzhou, China). A DEM-3 automatic washing machine was purchased from Beijing Tuopu Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). An ultralow-temperature high-speed centrifuge was purchased from Eppendorf Inc. (Hamburg, Germany). A BioDot-XYZ 3060 Dispensing Platform was purchased from BioDot Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA). A programmable strip cutter ZQ-2000 was supplied by Shanghai Kinbio Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). A fluorescence immunity analyzer was supplied by Nanjing Microdetection Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China).