Jasmonic acid, yeast extract, ferrozine (3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis-(4-phenyl-sulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine), 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), α-amylase, pancreatin, pepsin, lipase, α-glucosidase, bile extract, lipoxygenase, linoleic acid, angiotensin converting enzyme, o-phthalaldehyde, p-nitrophenyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, p-nitrophenol, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, and hydroxybenzoic acid, cyclohexamide, resazurin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznan, Poland). The COX Activity Assay kit was purchased from Cayman Chemical company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Life Technologies, Warsaw, Poland. Mueller–Hinton broth, and Mueller–Hinton agar were also obtained (Biomaxima, Lublin, Poland). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
2 20 azino bis
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
2,20-azino-bis is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a redox indicator, commonly employed in enzymatic activity assays and colorimetric detection methods. The core role of this compound is to facilitate the measurement and quantification of specific biological or chemical processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Trolox, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Diammonium salt, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pepsin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α glucosidase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (abts), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bradford reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Yeast extract, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using 2 20 azino bis
1
Comprehensive Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
2
HPLC Analysis of Amino Acids and Antioxidants
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All the chemicals used in the experiments were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (MeOH) were HPLC gradient-grade (Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Per-chloric (60%) and hydrochloric acid (37%) were from J.T. Baker (NJ, United States). Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Sant Quentin Fallavier, France) provided Alcalase 2.4 L FG (CAS no. 9014-01-1), ortho-phthaldialdehyde reagent (OPA), l-glutathione, borate buffer, formic acid (for LC-MS LiChropur™), ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC), triethylamine (TEA), pure standards for 19 amino acids, taurine, hypotaurine and homotaurine, trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), α-diphenyl-β- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulfate, Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The SIRT1 Direct Fluorescent Screening Assay Kit was from ABNOVA (Cat # KA1366, Taiwan).
3
Quantitative Carbohydrate Analysis
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Methanol (HPLC grade) and ethanol absolute anhydrous were purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy); sodium carbonate, water (LC-MS, Ultra Chromasolv, Honeywell, Seelze, Germany), and acetonitrile (LC-MS Chromasolv > 99.9%) from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany). Formic acid (99% LC-MS grade) was purchased from VWR Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). Amberlyst 15 ion-exchange resin, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, ABTS (2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Standard of D-(+)-saccharose molecular biology grade was purchased from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany); standards of D-(+)-raffinose and stachyose tetrahydrate were purchased from Supelco analytical (Darmstadt, Germany); standard of L-(−)-xylose and D-(−)-fructose were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
4
Comparative Analysis of Rice Bran Varieties
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Two varieties of rice bran, including “Kum Chao Mor Chor 107” (16.69 ± 0.17% protein, 13.66 ± 0.00% fat, 10.28 ± 0.22% crude fiber, 10.04 ± 0.06% ash) and “Kum Doi Saket” (18.05 ± 0.28% protein, 11.69 ± 0.06% fat, 8.83 ± 0.13% crude fiber, 9.90 ± 0.11% ash), were obtained from the Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Trypsin (E.C.3.4.21.4, ≥10,000 BAEE units/mg protein) from bovine pancreas, pepsin (E.C.3.4.23.1, ≥250 units per milligram solid) from porcine gastric mucosa, and 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), or ABTS, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, or DPPH, were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Antioxidant Assays and Reagents
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2,20-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), ascorbic acid, Rutin, Gallic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), NaOH, NaNO2, AlCl3 were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich, Chemical Co., Milan. Other reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy).
6
Almond Cake Protein Extraction and Bioactivity
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Cold pressed almond cake was supplied by Blue Diamond (Sacramento, CA, USA). For EAEP, an endoprotease (FoodPro Alkaline Protease from Bacillus licheniformis; Danisco—NY, USA) was used. Hexane, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, 2,20–Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), potassium persulfate, Trolox, fluorescein, 2,2′-Azobis (2 methylptopionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), α-glucosidase, p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), lipase from porcine pancreas type II (EC 3.1.3), 4-nitrophenyl laurate (p-NP-Laurate) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The pathogenic strains tested were supplied by Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
7
Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Assays
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Trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 2,20-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2-deoxyribose and potassium ferricyanide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade.
8
Laccase Enzyme Characterization and Applications
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Commercial laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila laccase (MtL) was obtained from Novozyme (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Commercial laccases from Trametes versicolor (TvL) and Aspergillus sp (ApL), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 2,2 0azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Bradford reagent, bovine serum albumin (BSA), poly(Nvinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), α,α 0 -azoisobisbutyronitrile (AIBN), and N,N-dimethylformamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Chile). The reagents for buffers solutions (formic acid, ammonium acetate, and ammonium bicarbonate) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Netherlands). All the chemicals were used as received without any treatment if not otherwise specified.
9
Chitosan-Laccase Biocatalytic System
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ChA (2,3-dicaffeoyl-L-tartaric acid), 5,5 0 -dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent), sodium phosphate mono-and dibasic, hydrochloric acid, 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's reagent), L-cysteine, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), Bradford reagent (Coomasie Brilliant Blue G), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin & Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, 3,3 0 ,5,5 0 -tetramethylbenzidine, taurine, sodium iodide, and dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Medical grade 15 kDa fungal chitosan (degree of deacetylation 87%) was provided by KitoZyme (Belgium).
Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) Denilite II Base product (from Myceliophtora thermophila, 8.6 U mg À1 , where 1 U corresponds to the amount of enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of 1 mmol ABTS per min at pH 5.5 and 25 1C) was provided by Novozymes (Denmark). Lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17, 100 000 U mg À1 where 1 U corresponds to the amount of enzyme which decreases the absorbance at 450 nm by 0.001 per min at pH 7.0 and 25 1C of Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 4698, as a substrate) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) Denilite II Base product (from Myceliophtora thermophila, 8.6 U mg À1 , where 1 U corresponds to the amount of enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of 1 mmol ABTS per min at pH 5.5 and 25 1C) was provided by Novozymes (Denmark). Lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17, 100 000 U mg À1 where 1 U corresponds to the amount of enzyme which decreases the absorbance at 450 nm by 0.001 per min at pH 7.0 and 25 1C of Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 4698, as a substrate) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
10
Cytochrome c Oxidation Assay Protocol
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All experiments were carried out using Ultrapure Millipore water (18.2 MO cm). Equine heart cytochrome c (C7752, 495%), hydrogen peroxide (216763, 30 wt%), 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, 11557, 98%), citric acid monohydrate (C0706, Z99.5%), urea (51459, Z99.5%), thiourea (T7875, Z99.0%), mercaptosuccinic acid (88460, Z99.0%), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets (P4417), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (71507, Z99.5%), sodium phosphate dibasic (71636, Z99.5%), sodium chloride (S7653, Z99.5%), potassium bromide (451010, 99.95%), quinine hemisulfate (quinine sulfate) salt monohydrate (22640, Z98.0%), fluorescein sodium salt (F6377), and tannic acid (16201) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and used as received. Rhodamine 610 (rhodamine B) chloride (06101) was acquired from Exciton, Inc (Dayton, OH). Polyethylenimine (PEI) (19850, 99%; 10 kDa molecular weight) was purchased from Polysciences, Inc. (Warrington, PA). The chloride salts of Fe 3+ (AC423705000, hexahydrate, 97+%) and Fe 2+ (AC389350250, anhydrous, 99%) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA). Cellulose dialysis tubing (132105, Spectra/Por 7, 1.0 kDa molecular weight cut-off, MWCO) was acquired from Spectrum Labs.
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