Firstly, the optimum formula was freezed at (−20 °C) then dried at (−45 °C) under lowered pressure for (24 h) (Novalyphe-NL 500 freeze-dryer, Savant Instruments, NY, USA) (Sayed et al., 2018 (link)). The thermal properties of pure FTN, oleylamine, lyophilized FTN-loaded and lyophilized FTN-free optimum formula were detected via differential scanning calorimetry DSC7 (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA) standardized with indium. Around 2 mg from each formula was positioned in aluminum pan and heated to 300 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min under nitrogen stream (25 mL/min) (Albash et al., 2020 (link)).
Dsc 7
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany
The DSC-7 is a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) instrument manufactured by PerkinElmer. It is designed to measure the heat flow and temperature differences between a sample and a reference material as a function of temperature and time. The DSC-7 can be used to study thermal transitions and reactions in various materials, including polymers, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Um3 ultramicrobalance, by Mettler Toledo (9 mentions)
Pyris software, by PerkinElmer (8 mentions)
Intracooler 2, by PerkinElmer (4 mentions)
Dmr xp, by Leica camera (3 mentions)
Fp82ht, by Mettler Toledo (3 mentions)
Tac 7 dx, by PerkinElmer (3 mentions)
Dma 7, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Steel pan, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Intracooling 2 system, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Diamond dsc, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Stare software, by Mettler Toledo (2 mentions)
Standard aluminum sample pans, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Atr ftir spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
No 02190041, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Ppms 6000, by Quantum Design (1 mentions)
Ta q800 dma, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Delta 2 24 lsc, by Martin Christ (1 mentions)
Dma 7e, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Tga 7 thermal analyzer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Fp82ht hot stage, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
133 protocols using dsc 7
1
Thermal Properties Analysis of FTN-Loaded Formulation
2
DSC Analysis of Nanoparticle Components
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DSC analysis of individual components of the nanoparticle formulation (PLGA polymer, TQ, Tween 80, PVA and chitosan) and the physical mixture of polymer + drug (1:1) was performed using PerkinElmer DSC-7® (PerkinElmer, Inc., MA, USA). Equal weight of about 5 mg of each sample was loaded into 40 µL standard aluminum crucibles then heated under continuous nitrogen purging (20 mL/min) at a heating rate of 10°C/min to 350°C. An empty crucible served as a reference.
3
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Solid Samples
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DSC thermograms were recorded on a DSC
7 (PerkinElmer Norwalk,
Ct., USA) controlled by the Pyris 2.0 software. Using a UM3 ultramicrobalance
(Mettler, Greifensee, CH), samples of approximately 5–15 mg
were weighed into perforated or sealed aluminum pans or hermetically
sealed (high pressure) capsules. The samples were heated using rates
in between 1 and 20 °C min–1 with dry nitrogen
as the purge gas (purge: 20 mL min–1). The instrument
was calibrated for temperature with pure benzophenone (mp 48.0 °C)
and caffeine (236.2 °C), and the energy calibration was performed
with indium (mp 156.6 °C, heat of fusion 28.45 J g–1). The errors on the stated temperatures (extrapolated onset temperatures)
and enthalpy values were calculated at the 95% confidence intervals
(CI) and are based on at least five measurements.
7 (PerkinElmer Norwalk,
Ct., USA) controlled by the Pyris 2.0 software. Using a UM3 ultramicrobalance
(Mettler, Greifensee, CH), samples of approximately 5–15 mg
were weighed into perforated or sealed aluminum pans or hermetically
sealed (high pressure) capsules. The samples were heated using rates
in between 1 and 20 °C min–1 with dry nitrogen
as the purge gas (purge: 20 mL min–1). The instrument
was calibrated for temperature with pure benzophenone (mp 48.0 °C)
and caffeine (236.2 °C), and the energy calibration was performed
with indium (mp 156.6 °C, heat of fusion 28.45 J g–1). The errors on the stated temperatures (extrapolated onset temperatures)
and enthalpy values were calculated at the 95% confidence intervals
(CI) and are based on at least five measurements.
4
Thermal Properties of Starch-Water Mixtures
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Thermal properties were assessed using a Perkin Elmer DSC-7 (Waltham, MA, USA) differential scanning calorimeter. The analysis was carried out at a temperature range of 30–120 °C, at 10 °C/min, on a 1:3 (w/w) starch–water mixture sample. An empty pan was used as a reference. The temperatures of the characteristic transitions, including onset (To), peak (Tp), and conclusion (Tc) temperatures, were recorded. Enthalpy change of gelatinization (ΔH) was calculated and expressed as J/g of dry starch.
5
Starch Gelatinization Thermal Analysis
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DSC analyses were performed on a Perkin Elmer DSC 7 device (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) using sealed stainless-steel pans. The sample pan (10 ± 1 mg of starch and 50 μL of ultrapure water) and the reference pan (50 μL of ultrapure water) were heated from 25 to 120 °C at a scanning rate of 10 °C min−1, held for 2 min at 120 °C, and cooled to 60 °C at 10 °C min−1. The gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) and the onset (To), peak (Tp), and conclusion (Tc) gelatinization temperatures of each sample were then determined on the thermograms. All analyses were performed in duplicate and mean values were calculated.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of UDMA-based Dental Resin
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Example 7
7.5000 g (15.9385 mmol) 11,14-Dioxa-2,9-diazaheptadec-16-enoicacid, 4,4,6,16 (or 4,6,6,16)-tetramethyl-10,15-dioxo-,2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl ester (UDMA), 2.50 g (16.0072 mmol) 2-Vinyloxyethoxyethyl methacrylate (VEEM), 0.1098 g (0.4491 mmol) tert-Butyl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) glyoxylate (DKSi) and 0.1090 g (0.2558 mmol) diphenyliodonium hexafluoro phosphate (DPI) were mixed homogeneously. The polymerization enthalpy measured with the DSC 7 (Perkin Elmer) was ΔRH=−44.4±5.6 kJ/mol. The flexural strength measured for the polymerized blend was 81.7±8.4 MPa, and the E-modulus was 1973±78 MPa.
7
Photopolymerization Reaction Enthalpy
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Example 8
5.0000 g (10.6256 mmol) 11,14-Dioxa-2,9-diazaheptadec-16-enoicacid, 4,4,6,16 (or 4,6,6,16)-tetramethyl-10,15-dioxo-,2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl ester (UDMA), 2.50 g (15.8028 mmol) diethyleneglycol divinylether (DEGDVE), 2.5000 g (6.5327 mmol) 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-bis[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] hept-3-yl) ethyl] disiloxane (EPOX-Si), 0.1974 g (0.8075 mmol) tert-butyl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) glyoxylate (DKSi) and 0.3899 g (0.3837 mmol) 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate (P12074) were mixed homogeneously. The polymerization enthalpy measured with the DSC 7 (Perkin Elmer) was ΔRH=−30.5±3.3 kJ/mol.
8
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Novel Compound
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Example 3
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed with a DSC 7 (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Conn., USA) using a Pyris 2.0 software. 4.7307±0.0005 mg sample (using a UM3 ultramicrobalance, Mettler, Greifensee, CH) were weighed into Al-Pans (25 microliter) and sealed with a cover, which was perforated by a needle. The sample was heated at a rate of 10 K/min. Dry nitrogen was used as the purge gas (purge rate: 20 mL/min).
The corresponding DSC curve is displayed in
9
Thermal Characterization of FTN Formulation
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At the beginning, the optimum formula was freezed at (-20 °C) followed by lyophilization at (-45 °C) under lowered pressure for (24 h) using freeze-dryer (Novalyphe-NL 500 freeze-dryer, Savant Instruments, NY, USA) (Sayed et al., 2018 (link)). A specified weight (2 mg) of FTN, stearic acid, cholesterol, lyophilized FTN-loaded optimum formula and lyophilized FTN-free optimum formula were heated to (350 °C) in a nitrogen environment in an aluminum pan at a scanning rate of (10 °C/min) in order to obtain their thermal characters. Thermograms were noted by DSC7 (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA) (Younes et al., 2018 (link)).
10
Starch Swelling and Thermal Properties
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The swelling power (SP) of starches in urea solution was measured following the method described by Liu et al. (2017) (link). About 20 mg of flour sample was dissolved at a series of concentrations of urea solution (0–9 M).
Starch thermal properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Model DSC-7, Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, United States) equipped with an intra-cooling II system. Rice flour (2.5 mg) was equilibrated for 1 h before analysis. The sample was weighed in hermetic aluminum pans, and distilled water was added to obtain a flour-to-water ratio of 1:2 (w/w). The measurements were heated from 40 to 110°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The onset temperature of gelatinization (To), peak temperature of gelatinization (Tp), and conclusion temperature of gelatinization (Tc) were determined from DSC thermograms as described by Zhong et al. (2005) (link). Enthalpy (ΔH) was estimated by integrating the area between the thermogram and a baseline under the peak and was expressed as Joules per unit weight of dry starch (J/g).
Starch thermal properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Model DSC-7, Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, United States) equipped with an intra-cooling II system. Rice flour (2.5 mg) was equilibrated for 1 h before analysis. The sample was weighed in hermetic aluminum pans, and distilled water was added to obtain a flour-to-water ratio of 1:2 (w/w). The measurements were heated from 40 to 110°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The onset temperature of gelatinization (To), peak temperature of gelatinization (Tp), and conclusion temperature of gelatinization (Tc) were determined from DSC thermograms as described by Zhong et al. (2005) (link). Enthalpy (ΔH) was estimated by integrating the area between the thermogram and a baseline under the peak and was expressed as Joules per unit weight of dry starch (J/g).
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