Lava frame

Manufactured by 3M

Sourced in Germany

The Lava Frame is a piece of lab equipment designed for the secure mounting and positioning of various laboratory instruments. It features a sturdy, durable frame with adjustable height and tilt controls, allowing for precise and stable placement of equipment. The Lava Frame is a versatile solution for creating an organized and efficient work environment in the laboratory setting.

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Lab products found in correlation

Isomet 1000, by Buehler (2 mentions) Lava furnace 200, by 3M (1 mentions) Dpu 10, by Struers (1 mentions) Rocatec plus, by 3M (1 mentions) Lava plus, by 3M (1 mentions)

4 protocols using lava frame

Fabrication and Characterization of Monolithic Y-TZP Crowns

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Core specimens were fabricated using Y-TZP (Lava frame, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN) using resin pattern (10 × 1 mm) and copy-milling machine by the same technique for the monolithic specimen. They received shade A₂ and sintered using Lava oven (Lava furnace 200, 3M ESPE). Oven temperature was 1500 °C for 8 h, according to manufacturer’s instructions. Specimens were finally polished. Materials used in the present study are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1.

Materials used in the study.

Material type	Material commercial name	Manufacturer	Composition wt %	Batch number
Y-TZP for monolithic crown construction	Zirkonzahn Prettau Y-TZP pre-sintered blocks	Zirkonzahn GmbH, Bruneck, Italy	Main components: ZrO₂ (92.27) Y₂O₃ (4–6).Traces: Al₂O₃ (<1), SiO₂ (0.02), Fe₂O₃ (0.01) and Na₂O (0.04).	ZRAD8061
Y-TZP for core construction	Lava frame Zirconia pre-sintered blocks	3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN	Main component: ZrO₂ (92.27), Y₂O₃ (4.98).Traces: Al₂O₃ (0.43), SiO₂ (0.21), HfO₂ (1.58).	68591

Fathy S.M., El-Fallal A.A., El-Negoly S.A, & El Bedawy A.B. (2015). Translucency of monolithic and core zirconia after hydrothermal aging. Acta Biomaterialia Odontologica Scandinavica, 1(2-4), 86-92.

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Surface Treatments of Y-TZP Dental Ceramics

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The schematic setup of the experiment is in Figure 1. Pre-sintered blocks of three Y-TZP dental ceramics: Lava Frame (LF) and Lava Plus (LP), (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and IPS ZirCad (IZ), (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were sectioned using a diamond disk (Isomet 1000; Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) in order to produce 20 plates (10 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm) for each ceramic. After sinterization according to each manufacturer's instructions, the plates were ultrasonicated in distilled water for 5 min, polished with 600-, 1200-and 4000-grit SiC abrasive paper (DPU-10; Struers, Ballerup, Denmark). The plates were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) according to the following surface treatments: AS: assintered surface; 30: air-abrasion with 30 mm Si-coated Al 2 O 3 particles (Rocatec Plus, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); 50: air-abrasion with 50 mm Al 2 O 3 and 150: air-abrasion with 150 mm Al 2 O 3 particles. The three treatments were applied orthogonally to the ceramic surfaces at a pressure of 2.5 bar for 15 s at a 10 mm distance. After the treatments, the plates were ultrasonicated in distilled water for 5 min and air-dried in a glass desiccator containing freshly dried silica gel.

Tostes B.O., Guimarães R.B., Noronha-Filho J.D., Botelho G.D., Guimarães J.G, & Silva E.M. (2017). Characterization of Conventional and High-Translucency Y-TZP Dental Ceramics Submitted to Air Abrasion. Brazilian dental journal, 28(1).

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Fabrication of Sintered Zirconia Bars

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Pre-sintered CAD/CAM zirconia milling blocks (Lava Frame; 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) were cut into bars of 25×5.0×1.5 mm (n=40) and 25×5.0×1.9 mm (n=80) using a water-cooled diamond disc (Diamond Wafering Blade, Series 15LC Diamond #11-4276; Buehler Ltd, Lake Bluff, Il, USA) by a high-precision saw (Isomet 1000; Buehler Ltd). The zirconia bars were washed in tap water and their edges were carefully finished using a ceramic polisher (Exa Cerapol 0361HP; Edenta AG, Au, Switzerland) in a low-speed hand piece.
The sintering process was performed in Lava Furnace 200 (Dekema Dental-Keramiköfen GmbH, Freilassing, Germany), according to the manufacturer's recommendations (heating rate = 20 °C/min: 0-1000 °C; 10 °C/min: 1000-1500 °C; holding time = 2.0 h and cooling rate = 15 °C/min: 1500-800 °C; 20 °C/min: 800-250 °C, when oven was opened). The dimensions of the zirconia bars after sintering shrinkage were 20×4.0×1.2 mm (n=40) and 20×4.0×1.5 mm (n=80).

Polli G.S., Hatanaka G.R., Abi-Rached Fde O., Pinelli L.A., Góes Mde S., Cesar P.F, & Reis J.M. (2016). Effect of Grinding and Resintering on the Fatigue Limit and Surface Characterization of a Y-TZP Ceramic. Brazilian dental journal, 27(4).

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Microstructural Analysis of Tetragonal Zirconia

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The materials used in this study are listed in Table 1. Lava Frame (3M ESPE) is a tetragonal zirconia polycrystal partially stabilized with 3mol-% yttria. This ceramic presents a very fine microstructure, containing fine grains and few slightly large grains (mean diameter of 104.9 nm ± 48.5). 15 (link)

Ramos G.F., Pereira G.K., Amaral M., Valandro L.F, & Bottino M.A. (2016). Effect of grinding and heat treatment on the mechanical behavior of zirconia ceramic. Brazilian oral research, 30.

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