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8 protocols using ab109322

1

TNFR2 Protein Expression Analysis

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Cells were washed, lysed, and processed as previously described (Liu et al., 2020 (link)). Equal amount of proteins for each sample were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to Nitrocellulose (NC) membrane for 70 min at 100 V. The membrane was blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-buffered saline-Tween 20 (0.1%) (TBS-T) for 1hr at room temperature. Rabbit anti-TNFR2 antibody (Abcam, MA, United States, ab109322) were used at 1:1000 dilution at 4°C overnight. β-Actin was detected using anti-rabbit antibody (Abcam, MA, United States, ab179467) as reference protein. Membrane was rinsed with TBS-T for 10 min, five times and incubated with 1:5000 goat anti-rabbit-Alexa Fluor 680 or donkey anti-mouse-Alexa Fluor 680 (Molecular Probes, MA, United States) for 1 h at room temperature. The blots were scanned using an Odyssey fluorescence scanner (LI-COR Biosciences, NE, United States).
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2

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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RIPA cell lysis buffer (Solarboi, China), containing 1% PMSF and 1% phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Cwbio, China), was used to cleave proteins for 15 mins on ice. The lysed cells were centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatants were collected for protein quantification using a BCA Protein Assay kit (Beyotime, China). The total protein was separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE (NCM Biotech, China) and transferred to 0.45-μm PVDF membranes (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). The membranes were washed with blocking solution (Yoche, Shanghai, China) for 10 mins and incubated on a shaker at 4°C overnight with diluted TNFR2 (1:1000, ab109322, Abcam, UK), β-Tubulin, (1:1000, A12289, ABclonal, China), phospho-IKK alpha/beta (1:1000, AF3013, affinity), phospho-IκBα (1:1000, AP0707, ABclonal, China), NF-κB (1:1000, A19653, ABclonal, China), phospho-NF-κB(1:1000, AP0124, ABclonal, China). Membranes were washed in 0.1% Tris-buffered saline Tween-20 and incubated in goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (1:2,000, LF102; Epizyme, China) for two hours. Finally, protein bands were visualized using WesternBright ECL (Apgbio, China) and quantified using Image J.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of TNF Signaling

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Immunohistochemistry was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidney sections from SS rats (n = 6–9), following procedures similar to what we described previously33 (link)34 (link)35 (link). The primary antibodies, all from Abcam, and the dilution used were ab6671 for TNFα, 1:100, ab19139 for TNF receptor I, 1:1500, and ab109322 for TNF receptor II, 1:100.
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of TNF-α and CD38

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Immunofluorescence (IF) was performed using anti-TNF-α (ab109322, Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and anti-CD38 (bs-0979R, Bioss Antibodies, Beijing, China) antibodies. After deparaffinizing and rehydrating, the formalin-fixed or paraffin-embedded sections were transferred into a microwave in a 10 mM citrate antigen repair solution (Servicebio Biotechnology, Wuhan, China) for antigen retrieval. The sections were then blocked in 3% BSA (Sigma, St Louis, MO) for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation in the primary antibody dissolved in 3% BSA (anti-TNF-α: 1/50; anti-CD38: 1/100). Detection and labeling were performed using secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor-488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (1/500, A21206, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) or Alexa Fluor-594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L), F(ab’)2 Fragment (1/500, 8889S, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) fluorophores, and imaging was performed as described above.
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of TNFR2

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Pancreatic tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Embedded tissue sections were rehydrated using stepped alcohol washes. The sections were incubated with primary antibody against TNFR2 (1:250, ab109322, Abcam) followed by secondary antibody (Yongnian, China). Two pathologists rated IHC scores between 0 and 3 blindly and independently. The IHC scores were: no staining (−), weak staining (+), moderate staining (++), and intense staining (+++).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Myocardial Inflammation

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After being fixed in paraformaldehyde solution (4%), myocardial tissue was embedded in paraffin and then cut into 4-μm-thick sections. The immunoreactivity to TNF-α (1 : 200, Abcam, ab109322, USA), IL-6 (1 : 500, Abcam, ab9324, USA), HNE (1 : 1000, Abcam, ab46545, USA), and NF-κB p65 (1 : 500, Proteintech, 66535, China) was assessed. Diaminobenzidine reaction visualized the antigen-antibody reaction. The fields of each slice were randomly chosen and recorded blindly under a conventional light microscope. Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, USA) was used to perform image analysis. The assessment was performed in four nonoverlapping and random fields of the heart tissue. The mean value was calculated for each animal. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6, HNE, and NF-κB p65 was measured by counting integrated optical density (IOD).
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7

Tissue Histological Characterization

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Tissue samples were dehydrated, paraffin-embedded, and microtome-sliced. For HE staining, hematoxylin-eosin was used. For immunohistochemical staining of IL-6 and TNF-α, IL-6 antibody (Abcam, ab9324) and anti-TNF-α antibody were employed (Abcam, ab109322). Anti-CD31 antibody (Abcam, ab64543) was used as the primary antibody to label blood vessels for immunofluorescence staining.
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8

Inflammatory Cytokine Modulation Protocol

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Colistin sulfate salt (Catalog no. C-4461), hematoxylin and eosin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (Catalog no. HY-10256) was obtained from MedChemExpress (United States). ELISA kits for rat TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β and IL-6 (Catalog no. RTA00, RIF00, RLB00, R6000B) were supplied by R&D Systems (Catalog no. United States). Antibodies against IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α (Catalog no. ab208113, ab239517, ab109322) were purchased from Abcam (United States). 3,3-Daminobenzidine (DAB) staining kit (Catalog no. SK-4100) was purchased from Vector Laboratories (United States).
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