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Trichostatin a tsa

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
Sourced in United States

Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. It functions by inhibiting the activity of HDAC enzymes, which are responsible for the deacetylation of histones, leading to increased acetylation of histones and changes in gene expression.

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9 protocols using trichostatin a tsa

1

Cell Culture and Transfection Protocol

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HEK293, A549, HCT116, and HT29 cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The cells were transfected using Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Etoposide was purchased from Alexis (Lausen, Germany). Trichostatin A (TSA) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) and Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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2

Protein Extraction and Western Blotting

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Tissue extracts or cells were homogenized and lysed in NETN buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% Nonidet P-40) supplemented with 50 mM β-glycerophosphate, 5 mM NaF, a protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), 5 mM nicotinamide, and 5 μM trichostatin A (TSA, Cell Signaling). For PARylation analysis only, 100 μM of tannic acid was added to the lysis buffer. After 30 min of incubation at 4°C, the samples were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The protein concentration of the supernatant was determined by BioRad protein assay. The lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE, and electrophoretically transferred to PVDF membranes (Immobilon®-P; Millipore). Membranes were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies as shown in key resources table. Enhanced chemiluminescence detection was performed using SuperSignal West Pico or Femto Chemiluminescence Substrate (Thermo Scientific). Films were scanned and densitometry was performed using ImageJ.
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3

Immunoprecipitation of Acetylation Complexes

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For cellular acetylation experiments, 293FT cells were co-transfected with combinations of pcDNA3.1-GFP, pcDNA3.1-HA-PGC-1α, pcDNA3.1-HDAC3-myc, pcDNA3.1-Flag-GCN5, and/or empty pcDNA3.1. 48 h after transfection, cells were harvested in ice-cold NP40 IP Lysis Buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 2 mM EDTA, 0.1% NP40, 10 mM NaF, with 1 mM DTT, 1 mM phenylmethylsulphonylflouride (PMSF), and supplemented with complete protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), 4 μM Trichostatin A (TSA, Cell Signaling), 5 mM nicotinamide (Sigma), and 1 μM Bortezomib (Cell Signaling) on ice. Cell lysates were freeze/thawed in liquid nitrogen twice, and lysates cleared by centrifugation at 4°C for 10 minutes. 250 mg of protein was used for each immunoprecipitation and volume adjusted to 1ml with lysis buffer. Washed anti-HA Agarose beads (Pierce) were incubated with samples and rotation at 4°C for 4 h, followed by three brief washes with lysis buffer. Immunoprecipitated proteins were eluted in 2X loading buffer with boiling at 95°C for 5 minutes.
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4

Transcriptional Regulation in Cell Lines

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INS-1 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 11.1 mM glucose that contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). HEK293T cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 10% FBS. Cells were treated with 200 nM trichostatin A (TSA; Cell Signaling Technology) for 20 h, 5 mM nicotinamide (NAM; Sigma) for 6 h, or 10 μM MG132 (Sigma) for 6 h in the presence of 5.6 mM glucose. Plasmid transfection was carried out by Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen).
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5

Knockdown of HOPX in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

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To knockdown HOPX expression, NRVCs were treated with siRNA (Rn01_00076610, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in optimum media (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 3 h, and then cells were grown in 2% DMEM for 24 h. After 24 h of siRNA incubation, NRVCs were treated with ARVs or Trichostatin-A (TSA) (Cell signaling) for the next 24 h. Similarly, control cells were incubated with the negative siRNA (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and treated with ARVs and TSA.
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6

Immunoprecipitation of Acetylation Complexes

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For cellular acetylation experiments, 293FT cells were co-transfected with combinations of pcDNA3.1-GFP, pcDNA3.1-HA-PGC-1α, pcDNA3.1-HDAC3-myc, pcDNA3.1-Flag-GCN5, and/or empty pcDNA3.1. 48 h after transfection, cells were harvested in ice-cold NP40 IP Lysis Buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 2 mM EDTA, 0.1% NP40, 10 mM NaF, with 1 mM DTT, 1 mM phenylmethylsulphonylflouride (PMSF), and supplemented with complete protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), 4 μM Trichostatin A (TSA, Cell Signaling), 5 mM nicotinamide (Sigma), and 1 μM Bortezomib (Cell Signaling) on ice. Cell lysates were freeze/thawed in liquid nitrogen twice, and lysates cleared by centrifugation at 4°C for 10 minutes. 250 mg of protein was used for each immunoprecipitation and volume adjusted to 1ml with lysis buffer. Washed anti-HA Agarose beads (Pierce) were incubated with samples and rotation at 4°C for 4 h, followed by three brief washes with lysis buffer. Immunoprecipitated proteins were eluted in 2X loading buffer with boiling at 95°C for 5 minutes.
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7

NSCLC and SCLC Cell Lines Treatment

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Four NSCLC cell lines (H1650, PC9, H1299, and A549) and nine SCLC cell lines (DMS79, H2171, H1694, SHP77, H82, H446, H69, SW1271, and H841) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA) and cultured in DEME/F12 or RPMI‐1640 with 10% FBS and 5% GlutaMAX. Cells were revalidated by STR profiling if used for more than 3 years.
Trichostatin A (TSA) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, #9950) was prepared in DMSO as a stock solution of 4 mm. Cell lines H1299 and SW1271 were seeded in 100 mm plates and treated by TSA at 400 nm and 2 mm, respectively. Cells were harvested after six hours of treatment and lysed for western blotting.
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8

Pharmacological Modulation of PTC Cells

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TPC-1 and K1 cells (human PTC cell lines) were obtained from the University of Colorado Cancer Center Cell Bank. All cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. All experiments were performed with mycoplasma-free cells.
The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), AMPK pathway activator AICAR, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), and proteasome inhibitor MG-132 were all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The working concentration and time were confirmed by the manufacturer's instructions combined with the experimental requirements.
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9

Modulation of PTC cell lines

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Human PTC cell lines TPC-1 and K1 were purchased from the University of Colorado Cancer Center Cell Bank. All cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere. ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), histone deacetylase HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), AMPK pathway activator AICAR, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), ER-stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), proteasome inhibitor MG-132 were all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The work concentration and time were con rmed by instructions combined with experimental requirements.
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