Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the composites nanoparticles and investigate their morphology. SEM images were taken using a Zeiss LEO Supra 55VP Field Emission and SEM Zeiss 1530. For sample preparation, composite nanoparticle suspensions were diluted 10 times with their dispersion medium, and then, a drop of the diluted nanoparticle suspension was directly deposited on a polished aluminum sample holder. Samples were dried under a vacuum. Samples were then coated in gold using EMITECH K450X sputter coater48 (link).
On the other hand, the investigation of the surface morphology was performed on the aged un-treated, treated, and aged treated dyed paper samples by scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to examine the changes in the surface morphology of the treated samples before and after artificial accelerated thermal aging and to evaluate the changes in the paper fibers which occurred as a result of the accelerated artificial aging process.
On the other hand, the investigation of the surface morphology was performed on the aged un-treated, treated, and aged treated dyed paper samples by scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to examine the changes in the surface morphology of the treated samples before and after artificial accelerated thermal aging and to evaluate the changes in the paper fibers which occurred as a result of the accelerated artificial aging process.