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4 protocols using nlrp3

1

mRNA Expression Analysis of Innate Immune Genes

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Total mRNA was extracted using TRIzol (TRI-Reagent, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and reverse transcribed in cDNA with GoScript™ Reverse Transcription kit (Promega, Wisconsin). Genes mRNA expression were analyzed using GoTaq®qPCR Master Mix (Promega). All primer sequences used were from Qiagen: Tmem173 (#QT00261590), Mb21d1 (#QT00131929), Nlrp3 (#QT00122458), Ifi204 (#QT01753535), Ddx41 (#QT00137130), Aim2 (#QT00266819), Cxcl10 (#QT00093436), Ifna2 (#QT00253092), Ifna4 (#QT01774353), and Ifnβ1 (#QT00249662). RNA expression was normalized to Rn18s expression (Qiagen, Maryland). Data were analyzed using the comparative analysis of relative expression by ΔΔCt methods.
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2

Placental Cytokine mRNA Expression

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Total RNA was extracted from placental villous tissue using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). RNA purity and concentration was determined using a Nanodrop Spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific). RNA (250 ng) was reverse transcribed as previously described.15 (link) Primers for the following were used: IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-6, TNFα, IL-18, IL-12β, IFNγ, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-4, TGFβ1, IL-1R1, IL-1R2, Casp1, and NLRP3 (Qiagen, UK). Real time PCR system (7900 HT; Applied Biosystem, Warrington, UK) was used, mRNA expression quantified using SYBR green I with a dissociation curve analysis performed to ensure amplification specificity. Expression in villous tissue samples was normalized to the housekeeping gene YWHAZ (forward= CCTGCATGAAGTCTGTAACTGAG, reverse= TTGAGACGACCCTCCA-AGATG, Invitrogen, UK), and the data are presented as relative expression.
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3

Colonic Gene Expression Analysis in Mice

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Mice colons were dissected at 5th and 15th day of the experimental period. After wash with PBS to remove the presence of feces, colons were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and following a specific RNA extraction kit (NucleoSpin®, MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH & Co, Düren, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. cDna was synthesized using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems) from 4 µg total RNA. The applied PCR settings were previously described45 (link). The used gene primers were: Il1b (for IL-1β), Il6 (for IL-6), Tnfa (for TNF-α), Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs) 2 (for COX-2), Ifng (for IFN-γ), AnxA1 (for Annexin A1), Il10 (for IL-10), Tff3 (for TFF3), Muc2 (for mucin 2), Ocln (for Occludin), Tlr2 (for TLR2), MyD88 (for MYD88), Hdac9 (for HDAC9), Slc16a1 (for MCT1) and Nlrp3 (for NALP3) (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in a final volume of 25 μl. All studied mRNAs were normalized to Gapdh (for GAPDH) or Actb (for β-actin) as housekeeping gene, and data were analyzed according to the 2−ΔΔCT method.
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Inflammasome Genes

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All primers (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, caspase-5, caspase-8, IL-1β, and IL-18) (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) were cDNA-specific. Samples were evaluated for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression by real-time PCR to test the quality of RNA. Results were expressed as ΔΔCt (where Ct is the cycle threshold) and are presented as ratios between the target gene and the GAPDH housekeeping mRNA. A Bio-Rad CFX Real-Time PCR instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California, USA) with RT2 SYBR Green qPCR mastermix (Qiagen) was used to perform quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results are expressed as the fold changes between stimulated/unstimulated condition. Heat maps were generated and genes hierarchically clustered by Euclidean distance and single linkage using TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer (MeV) v4.9.
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