Spotlight 400 ft ir microscope

The fibrous 'strands' from the AOM of M. aeruginosa CS-564/01, that were previously described by (Yap et al. 2014) as flotation enhancers, were again observed in this study during PosiDAF jar tests; however, in this case they were analysed by FT-IR imaging following the procedure used by Gonzalez-Torres et al. (2017) . Briefly, the strands were extracted from the jars during PosiDAF experiments and fixed using the PFA. The fixed samples were then transferred to a stainless steel slide, dried and analysed by FT-IR imaging using a PerkinElmer Spotlight 400 FT-IR microscope (USA). FT-IR images were collected over the 4000-750 cm -1 using reflectance mode and chemi-maps were created from the FT-IR image files in specific ranges using Spectrum software. The chemi-maps created for the proteins, acidic carbohydrates and carbohydrates were overlaid to obtain the FT-IR images. These macromolecules were selected as they have previously been implicated to have an influence on cell separation (Mopper et al. 1995 , Henderson et al. 2010a , Villacorte et al. 2015b , Pivokonsky et al. 2016) . The spectra were also extracted and plotted by Microsoft Excel (Version 2013) to obtain the cross-section profiles.

In situ infrared micro-spectroscopy experiments were performed using a Perkin Elmer Spotlight 400 FT-IR microscope with an aperture size of 100 Â 100 mm. Each zeolite-clay/binder-bound pellet was placed under the microscope and spectra were obtained in reectance mode before, during and aer thiophene oligomerization (from 30 C to 120 C at 15 C min À1 ).

Raman micro-spectroscopy was performed with a Renishaw TM inVia microscope, using a 532 nm diode excitation laser with a 20Â magnification objective, a 1200 lines mm À1 grating and a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detector. The objective has a Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.4, resulting in an 815.5 Â 815.5 mm 2 diameter spot size. All measurements were performed with a total 0.44 mW power output (power density: 1.27 Â 10 À5 W cm À2 ) in the 1500-2300 cm À1 range. In a glovebox, the samples were transferred to a sealed Linkam cell equipped with CaF 2 windows and filled with 1 bar of Ar (99.999% Linde AG). Data analysis of the Raman microscopy maps was performed using WiRE 3.4r (Renishaw) and TXM Wizard 29 Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) micro-spectroscopy was carried out using a PerkinElmer Frontier MIR/FIR spectrometer coupled to a PerkinElmer Spotlight 400 FT-IR microscope, with a Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride (MCT) detector cooled with liquid N 2 , in a 16 Â 16 array of 6.25 Â 6.25 mm pixels. The samples were kept in sealed cells equipped with CaF 2 windows, under inert conditions. Then, a flow of 60 mL min À1 nitrogen gas (99.99%, Linde AG) saturated with demineralized water (at 298 K) was introduced into the sample cell for 5 min, stopping every 30 s to collect FT-IR microscopy maps of the HKUST-1 crystals.