High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade regents, including zeatin riboside (ZR), auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin (GA), were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Aqueous solutions were prepared using ultra-purified water (18.2 MΩ cm) from a Milli-Q gradient water purification system (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA).
Gibberellin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Gibberellin is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes in plants. It is primarily responsible for promoting seed germination, stem elongation, and flower development. Gibberellin is a naturally occurring compound and is commonly used in agricultural and horticultural applications to enhance plant growth and productivity.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Abscisic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q gradient water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Paclobutrazol pac, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Coolpix 4500, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Bx51 camera, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Smz1500 stereomicroscope, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Jasmonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using gibberellin
1
HPLC Analysis of Phytohormones
2
Germination and Hypocotyl Assays for Brassinosteroid Signaling
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For each germination assay, three independently grown seed batches of the wild type (WT), HBI1-OE, or BEE2-OE were compared. To ensure synchronous germination, seeds were imbibed at 4 °C for 3 d, then moved to a growth chamber with a 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle at 22 °C. The experiments were performed on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 µM 2,4-epibrassinolide (BR), 1 µM BRZ (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), 100 µM gibberellin (GA3), 1 µM paclobutrazol (PAC) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), or 100 µM ABA (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). At least 80 seeds were imbibed for each treatment and examined for testa and endosperm rupture under a SMZ1500 stereomicroscope (Nikon, Japan), and photographed with a high-resolution digital camera (COOLPIX4500, Nikon, Japan). Germination rate was determined by calculating the percentage of testa and endosperm rupture in the control and different treatments. In the hypocotyl length assay, seeds were incubated for 36 h to attain 100% germination because BR-treated seeds germinate faster than those of the WT. After germination, testas were stripped and 50–70 embryos were photographed with a BX51 camera (Olympus, Japan). Hypocotyl length was measured using the Image J software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/index.html ). The SPSS software (http://www.spss.com/ ) was used for statistical analysis throughout this study.
3
Phytohormone Extraction and Quantification
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Fresh rapeseed samples were prepared to obtain the phytohormone extract [61 (link)]. The standard auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), cytokinin (CTK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA), and ABA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or OlChemIm (OlChemIm, Olomouc, Czech Republic). The phytohormone concentrations were determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-ESI-MS) [62 (link)].
4
Gibberellin effects on rice seedlings
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Rice seedlings were germinated and incubated on MS media for 8 days and transferred to test tubes containing water (mock) or gibberellin (100 µM GA3 from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution, as described previously [2 (link)]. Whole parts above roots were harvested for RNA extraction at the 24 h time point after treatment.
5
Germination and growth of Medicago and Trifolium
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In total, 19 species of plant were used from the genera Medicago (M. arabica, M. orbicularis, M. littoralis, M. tornata, M. turbinata, M. laciniata, M. lupulina, M. truncatula, M. sativa) and Trifolium (T. ambiguum, T. striatum, T. nigrescens, T. repens, T. pratense, T. ochroleucum, T. rubens, T. semipilosum, T. dubium, T. pallidum) (see Supplementary Table S1 for seed sources). Seeds were sterilised by soaking in saturated calcium hypochlorite solution for 2 minutes and then plated out in Petri-dishes containing 1.2% plant agar containing 50 mg/ml gibberellin (source Sigma-Aldrich UK©). They were left to germinate for one week at 20°C day and 15°C night temperatures, with 16 hour day length. Resulting seedlings were transferred into seed trays containing 4:1 sand and John Innes no.2 compost mix, covered with a lid for the first 14 days to retain humidity. Plants were grown for five weeks in total and watered twice weekly with distilled water. Plants were fed twice with Rorison’s solution, in the 4th week with 40%, and in the 5th week with 20% of full strength solution.
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