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52 protocols using gentamicin

1

Chlamydia Purification and Storage

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Cell lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. HeLa 229 cells (CCL-2.1), and Cos-7 cells (CRL-1651) were grown in RPMI-1640, supplemented with 10% FBS and 10 μg/mL gentamicin (Cellgro). Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 (LGV Bu434) was grown in Cos-7 cells. Elementary Bodies (EBs) and Reticulate bodies (RBs) were purified by density gradient (DG) centrifugation essentially as described (Howard et al., 1974 (link)) following 17 or 43-45 h of infection, respectively. EBs were stored at -80°C in Sucrose Phosphate Glutamate (SPG) buffer (10 mM sodium phosphate [8mM K2HPO4, 2mM KH2PO4], 220 mM sucrose, 0.50 mM l-glutamic acid, pH 7.4) until use.
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2

Purification of Naive T Cells from Transgenic Mice

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Transgenic 3.L2 mice were housed at the Emory University Department of Animal Resources facility and experiments followed a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Emory University. The mouse expressed I-Ek restricted 3.L2 TCR specific to murine hemoglobulin epitope 64-76 (Hb). Naive T cells were purified via magnetic negative selection from 6–8 week old mouse spleens using either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cells were washed and stored at room temperature for up to 24 hrs in R10 media, which consists of RPMI 1640 (Cellgro) supplemented with 10% FBS (Cellgro), 2mM L-glutamine (Cellgro), 0.01M HEPES buffer (Cellgro), 100μg/ml gentamicin (Cellgro), and 2×10−5M 2-β-mercaptoethanol (2-BM) (Sigma-Aldrich).
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3

Antigen-Specific T Cell Proliferation Assay

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Polyclonal T cell lines were generated by footpad priming mice with emulsions of MOG35-55 or NFM15-35 (1 mg/mL) in CFA containing a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37 RA Mtb) in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (BD). Draining lymph nodes were harvested 12-14 days after priming. Single cell suspensions were generated by passing cells through a 100μm cell strainer and directly assessed for antigen specific proliferation by uptake of [3H] tritiated thymidine (VWR International, Inc). 6×105 primed lymph node cells or naïve 2D2 splenocytes were cultured in a 96-well flat bottom plate with indicated peptides and concentrations. After 48 hours, 3H-thymidine (0.4μCi/well) was added to the culture media for 24 hours before the cells were harvested onto a filtermats (PerkinElmer) with the FilterMate 196 harvester (Packard). 3H-thymidine uptake was analyzed with the 1450 Microbeta TriLux microplate liquid scintillation counter (PerkinElmer). Cell culture media contained RPMI 1640 (CellGro) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Gibco-Life Technologies), 4mM L-glutamine (CellGro), 0.01M HEPES (CellGro), 100μg/mL gentamicin (CellGro), 20μM 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich). Stimulation index was calculated as a ratio of the counts per minute between peptide stimulated versus unstimulated cells.
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4

Characterization of Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines

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Human gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-1, -5, -16, 216, -484, -601, -620, -638, -668, -719, AGS, MKN45, KATO-III, and N87) were purchased from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). The identities of the cell lines were authenticated by DNA fingerprinting analysis [19 (link)]. All cell lines were banked and passaged for less than 6 months before use. The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Welgene, Daegu, Korea) and 10 μg/mL gentamicin (Cellgro, Manassas, VA) at 37°C and 5% CO2.
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5

Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Transfer

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Bone marrow cells were derived from the femurs of WT mice and cultured in complete culture medium (RPMI-1640 medium from Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, supplemented with 10% FCS from Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific; 1% l-glutamine from MilliporeSigma; and 50 μg/mL gentamicin from Cellgro) and 10 ng/mL GM-CSF (PeproTech). Media were added on day 3. This protocol generates both macrophage and dendritic cell populations (90 (link), 91 (link)). On day 6, cultured cells were collected. The indicated number (10 × 106, 50 × 106, 150 × 106) of cells were transferred i.p. to the recipient mouse 2 hours before LPS challenge (92 (link), 93 (link)). IVCCA (43 (link), 88 (link), 89 (link), 94 (link)–96 (link)) was used to quantify systemic IL-6 and TNF levels. Briefly, biotinylated capture antibodies IL-6 (MP5-32C11) and TNF (TN3) (eBioscience, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were injected i.p. 3 hours before TLR ligand challenge (75 μg ultrapure LPS), and serum cytokine levels were determined 4 hours later.
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6

West Nile Virus Protein Expression in Cell Lines

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Vero cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Cellgro, Mediatech, Manassas, VA) containing 6% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (HyClone, Thermo Scientific, Logan, UT), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin (GIBCO, Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) and 20ug/mL Gentamicin (Cellgro). BHK(VEErep/Pac-Ubi-C*) expressing the WNV C protein (Widman et al., 2008b (link)) and BHK(VEErep/WNVC*-E/Pac) cells expressing the WNV C-prM-E proteins (Fayzulin et al., 2006 (link)) were propagated in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 10 ug/ml puromycin (Cellgro) as previously described (Fayzulin et al., 2006 (link)).
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7

Culturing Human Breast Cancer Cells

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Human breast cancer cell lines (BT-474, BT-549, HCC1937, Hs578T, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, SK-BR-3, and T47D) verified using short tandem repeat analysis were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA). The cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and 10 μg/mL gentamicin (Cellgro, Manassas, VA) at 37°C under 5% CO2.
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8

Establishing Porcine Ear Fibroblast Cultures

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Ear tissue was collected and minced from newborn piglets to create ear fibroblast cultures from female CMAH KO Minnesota miniature pig genetic background 5 (link). The minced tissue was digested in 20 ml of digestion medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 2.77 mm glucose, 1.99 mm l-glutamine, 0.5 mm sodium pyruvate (Cellgro, Manassas, VA, USA) supplemented with 200 units/ml collagenase and 25 Kunitz units/ml DNaseI) for 5 h at 38.5 °C. After digestion, ear fibroblast cells were washed and cultured with DMEM, 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Cellgro) with 40 μg/ml gentamicin (Cellgro). After overnight culture, cells were trypsinized and frozen at -80 °C in aliquots of FBS with 10% dimethyl sulfide (DMSO, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and then stored in liquid nitrogen.
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9

Antibiotic Treatment in Mice

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Mice were treated with antibiotics dissolved in their autoclaved drinking water: gentamicin (2 g l−1; Cellgro, Manassas, VA, USA), metronidazole (1 g l−1; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), vancomycin (500 mg l−1; Sigma-Aldrich) (Garrett et al., 2010 (link)).
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10

Breast Cancer Cell Line Maintenance

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Human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-157, -231, -453, -468, BT-549, MCF7, T47D, SK-BR-3, HCC70, HCC1143, and Hs578T) whose identity was authenticated with a short tandem repeat analysis were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). All cell lines were banked and passaged for less than 6 months before use, and were maintained in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 37°C in RPMI-1640 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS; Welgene, Inc., Daegue, South Korea) and 10 μg/mL gentamicin (Cellgro, Manassas, VA, USA).
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