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146 protocols using pmaxgfp

1

Plasmid Transfection of W12 Cells

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pmax GFP was obtained from Lonza (Basal, Switzerland), and pmax A3A was constructed by inserting an A3A open reading frame (NM_145699) with EcoRI/XhoI ends into an AgeI/XhoI arm of pmax GFP. A HA-A3B expression vector was obtained from NIH AIDS Reagent Program (Cat# 11090)63 (link). Plasmids were transfected into W12 cells using Fugene 6 (Promega), according to the manufacture’s instruction.
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2

Transfection of Rat E14 Spinal Cord NPCs

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Rat E14 spinal cord–derived NPCs were transfected using 4D-Nucleofector with the P3 Primary Cell Kit (3 million per cuvette; Lonza). Either 3 μg of Negr1-pcDNA3 + 0.5 μg of Pmax-GFP (Lonza) or 3 μg of empty pcDNA3 backbone (31 (link)) + 0.5 μg of Pmax-GFP were used per electroporation in the 16-well Nucleocuvette Strip and plated on PDL-coated six-well plates, matured in vitro for 6 days, and replated on myelin substrates as described above.
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3

Neuronal Cell Culture Protocols

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All materials unless stated otherwise were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). F-12 media, horse serum, antibiotics, and Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit antibody were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). NGF was purchased from Harlan Laboratories (Indianapolis, IN). The rabbit anti-human Protein Gene Product 9.5 antibody was purchased from AbD Serotec, a Bio-Rad company (Raleigh, NC). The GFP construct, pMax-GFP was acquired from Amaxa (Lonza; Basel, Switzerland).
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4

Electroporating NPCs to Study Ethanol Effects

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E13 mouse cortices were dissected, and the NPCs were dissociated for neurosphere suspension culture. The NPCs were cultured at 1.0 × 105 cells ml−1 in NPC medium44 (link) in the presence of 20 ng ml−1 EGF (Peprotech) and 20 ng ml−1 FGF-2 (Peprotech) for 7 days. The culture was expanded by passaging three times. For electroporation, 8 μg of control shRNA or Hsf1 shRNA15 (link), 4 μg of Hsf1 shRNA and full-length human HSF1 and 2 μg of pMAX-GFP (Amaxa) were used for 2–4 × 106 NPCs dissociated from the neurospheres. After electroporation, the NPCs were cultured with non-electroporated NPCs for 3 days to form neurospheres. The formed neurospheres with a diameter of 50-100 μm were then manually placed onto coated glass-bottom dishes (MatTek Corporation), and cultured either with 400 mM EtOH or PBS for 3 or 6 h. After fixation, migrated NPCs were counted. The cells were also immunolabelled with anti-Nestin (1:50, DSHB), anti-Ki67 (1:10, Clone B56, BD Biosciences, 550609), and anti-cleaved Caspase-3 (1:100, Cell Signaling Technology, #9654) antibodies.
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5

Transwell Assay for PDGF-Induced Cell Migration

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After a 24 h serum depletion period, 1 × 106 pBSMCs were nucleofected with 1 μg pmaxGFP (Amaxa, Inc., nucleofection program A033) and ~1.6 × 105 cells seeded in each of four transwell FluoroBlok™ inserts (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) containing 500 μL serum-free SMCM with JNK inhibitor, MYC inhibitor or vehicle (DMSO). The transwells were placed in the corresponding wells of a companion plate containing 1 ml/well serum-free SMCM. 25 ng/ml PDGF-BB was added 60 min later to the SMCM in the bottom wells. The remaining cells were seeded in two wells of a six-well plate for confirmation of transfection efficiency. At the indicated times after adding PDGF, transwell inserts were rinsed three times with PBS for 5 min and then transferred to a glass-bottomed 24-well black plate (Greiner, Monroe, NC). GFP fluorescence signal was measured with a FLUOstar Omega microplate reader (BMG LabTech) using the bottom optic, with excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 nm and 520 nm, respectively.
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6

Transfection of Chondrocytes with EZH2 Expression Vector

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EZH2 expression vector (pEZH2) was a gift from Kristian Helin (Addgene plasmid #24,230)35 (link). Plasmids were transfected in cells using nucleofection (Amaxa), according manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, chondrocytes were harvested. Then, 4 millions of cells were mixed with 8 µg of DNA (pEZH2 or empty vector) in P3 Primary Cell 4D-Nucleofector X Solution, and placed in a 1 cm2 transfection cuvettes to be electroporated using 4D-Nucleofector X Unit. The ER-100 predefined program was used. After nucleofection, cells were plated in appropriated dishes and incubated in culture medium.
pMax-GFP (Amaxa), an expression vector for Green Fluorescent Protein, was used to evaluate transfection efficiency. The percentage of transfected cells, corresponding to green fluorescent cells, were assayed by flow cytometry. Viability was evaluated by counting adherent cells after blue trypan exclusion.
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7

Endothelial SCARF1 Knockout via CRISPR-Cas9

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Endothelial cells were transfected using the Nucleofector primary mammalian endothelial cell kit (Cat. #VAPI-1001, Lonza Biosciences, Durham, CA), according to manufacturer’s instructions. Dual CRISPR-Cas9 (pCLIP-sgRNA and pCLIP-Cas9) targeting SCARF1 or control was purchased from Transomics Technologies (Transomic Technologies Inc., Huntsville, AL).
Scarf1 gRNA-A (Clone 1) 5’-CCTGCTCGCACGGGGAGCCG-3’ (2103) and 5’- GGACGCCTGCCAGAAAGACG-3’ (840); Scarf1 gRNA-A (Clone 2) 5’-CTTGGCCCGAGCTAGGCTGG-3’ (10233) and 5’-ACTCGCAGCGGGCTCCCCAG-3’ (1884); Scarf1 gRNA-A (Clone 3) 5’-GAGGGAACGGCAGGGCAGCG-3’ (8757) and 5’-TCGGGACACTGCCCTCATCG-3’ (6843).
For pCLIP-sgRNA and pCLIP-Cas9 preparation, bacterial cultures from the stock were propagated in LB media supplemented with 100 μg/mL of carbenicillin until the culture appeared to be turbid. Plasmids were extracted using anendotoxin-free kit (QIAgen Cat. #12362) and stored until ready to use.
Endothelial (TIME) cells were grown to 85% confluency, and 2 x 106 cells were co-transfected with pCLIP-sgRNA and pCLIP-Cas9 using a Nucleofector II with the program M-003. As a transfection control, we nucleofected GFP alone (p-MAX-GFP, Amaxa). Viable SCARF1-deficient cells were sorted 24hr post-nucleofection by pCLIP-sgRNA-GFP and p-CLIP-Cas9-RFP. Experiments were performed at 24hr post-sorting and analyzed by flow cytometry.
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8

Transfection of Jurkat, HEK 293T, and Primary T Cells

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Jurkat T cells were transfected as previously described using the ECM 830 Square Wave Electroporation system (BTX) (32 (link)). The following SMARTpool ON-TARGET Plus siRNA duplexes were purchased from Thermo Scientific: non-targeting pool (D-001810-10-05) and human Elmo1 (L-012851-00-0005). HEK 293T cells were transfected with 1μg empty pEBB-Flag (vector) or Dock2-Flag (from M. Matsuda(5 (link))) plus 4μg pEBB-Elmo-Flag plasmids by calcium phosphate (Profection, Promega). Primary T cells were transfected using the Mouse T cell Nucleofector Kit (Amaxa), with 2×106 CD4+ T cells, 1μg pMAX-GFP (Amaxa) and 4μg expression vectors. Elmo expression plasmids the pEBB-Flag backbone were provided by K.S. Ravichandran. MT123-HA-ubiquitin vector provided by Dirk Bohmann(33 (link)).
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9

Cloning and Mutating mTOR and Rictor 3'UTRs

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The full-length 3′UTRs of mTOR and Rictor were amplified from genomic DNA (Mtor forward 5′-CTGAGGCCTGGAAAACCACGTCGTCTCC-3′, reverse 5′-TATGCTTTTA­AAATTCTGATG­TCATTTATTGG-3′; Rictor forward 5′-CCTCATGCTTATGACGTTTATAGCTGG-3′, reverse 5′-AAGAATTTTA­AGTACATTTTA­TTAACAATG-3′) and cloned into pmaxGFP (Amaxa) or pRL (Promega). Mutants were made by site directed mutagenesis using the primers: Mtor let-7 site 5′-CCACTATCCTGTTtggagaACCCGTCCCTGG-3′, miR-16 site 5′-CCAACCTCCTAGCTcgacgaGAAAAGACACTGTC-3′, Rictor miR-16 site in 3,000–4,200 fragment 5′-GACCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAGTAATACcgacgatCATTTTTGGAGG-3′. A pmaxCherry plasmid was used as a transfection control.
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10

Transfection and Imaging of ITSCs

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ITSCs were cultivated under standard conditions, digested with collagenase NB4 (SERVA Electrophoresis) and harvested via centrifugation. Afterwards, ITSCs were transfected with 1 μg pmax GFP (Amaxa Biosystems, Lonza Group AG, Basel, Switzerland) using Amaxa rat NSC-Nucleofector Kit (Amaxa Biosystems) and Nucleofector II device (Amaxa Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Immediate addition of 5 ml DMEM/F-12 (Sigma-Aldrich) was followed by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 300 × g. Transfected ITSCs were suspended in 2 ml standard medium supplemented with 10% BP and injected into Afc-FEP bags 2PF-0002 (Afc) using a syringe (B. Braun Melsungen AG). Cultivation was performed at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 5% O2 for 48 hours in a humidified incubator (Binder). Live imaging of GFP-ITSCs was done via optical sectioning (Z-Stack) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (excitation wavelength: 488 nm, LSM 510, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany), while ZEN software (Carl Zeiss) was subsequently applied for three-dimensional reconstruction.
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