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9 protocols using unisart cn95

1

Fabrication of Lateral Flow Test Strips

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Test strips were manufactured according to Posthuma-Trumpie, Korf & Van Amerongen (2008) (link). Briefly, a Linomat V (Camag, Muttenz, Switzerland) was used to dispense antibodies onto a nitrocellulose membrane of 2.5 cm wide. For the control line, goat anti-mouse IgG (M5899; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dispensed at a dose of 2.0 µg cm−1 at the position two cm away from the dipping point. For the test line, capture antibody (10-2698 from Fitzgerald or HM026 from EastCoast Bio) was dispensed at a dose of 0.5–2.0 µg cm−1 at the position 1.5 cm away from the dipping point. The membrane was then dried for 2 h at 37 °C. An absorption pad (Extra Thick Blot Paper, BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) was applied to the dried membranes, which were then cut to a width of four mm by an Autokun cutter (Hangzhou Autokun Technology, Hangzhou, China). Finally, test strips were sealed in aluminum packages with a desiccation pad and stored at 4 °C until use. Three nitrocellulose membrane types were tested, namely CNPC-SS12, 10 µm with wicking time of 140 ± 28 s/40 mm (MDI Technologies, Ambala Cantt, India), UniSart® CN140 with wicking time of 95–155 s/40 mm, and UniSart® CN 95 with wicking time of 65–115 s/ 40 mm (Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany).
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2

Lateral Flow Assay Fabrication Protocol

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LiF (98%), Ti3AlC2 (98%), H2PtCl6·6H2O (Pt ≥ 37.5%) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) were purchased from Macklin Inc. (Macklin, Shanghai, China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA, 98%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The polyclonal Ab against CAP (anti-CAP Ab, 50 mg/mL), goat anti-rabbit IgG (17.5 mg/mL) and coating Ag (CAP-BSA, 15 mg/mL) were prepared in our lab. The sample pads (SB08, GF-2), absorbent pads (CH37K) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gasket (SMA31-40) were bought from Shanghai Liangxin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The nitrocellulose membrane (UniSart CN95) was obtained from Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH (Goettingen, Germany).
The BioDot-XYZ3060 dispensing platform was made by BioDot Corporation (Irvine, CA, USA). The high-speed refrigerated centrifuge (GL-23M) was purchased from Hunan Xiangyi Technology Co., Ltd. (Changsha, China). The CTS300 automatic slitting machine and programmable ZQ-2000 strip cutting machine were manufactured by Shanghai Jinbiao Biotechnology, Inc. (Shanghai, China).
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3

Rapid quantification of CRP and SAA1

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The nitrocellulose membrane used as the reaction pad was UniSart CN95 purchased from Sartorius and the absorbent pad was cellulose filter papers (CF1) from GE Healthcare. For the CRP assay, the capture and detection antibodies used were mouse anti-human CRP antibody (MAB17071) and biotinylated mouse anti-human CRP antibody (BAM17072) from R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK. The protein standard was recombinant human CRP expressed in E. coli (Sigma Aldrich C1617). For the SAA1 assay, both the capture and detection antibodies and also the protein standard used were from a DuoSet ELISA kit (DY3019) from R&D Systems. The control line antibody was anti-mouse Goat IgG (AF007) from R&D Systems. The streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (with an optical density of 10) were obtained from BBI solutions (BA.STP40). The diluent used for preparing all the antibody and sample solutions was 1% BSA in PBS. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) (A2058) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (P3831) used were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK.
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4

Reflux Device for Lateral Flow Assay

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Example 2

FIG. 7 shows a non-limiting example of an interior of a reflux device, which is included in embodiments of the present invention. Samples flow from A to B. Test strips for lateral flow assay are composed of (in this order): a sample pad (VF2; Whatman); a second pad (ReliaFlow, Ahlstrom); a membrane (UniSart CN 95, Sartorius); an absorbent pad (Cellulose fiber, Millipore). 1, 100 μl 0.9% NaCl dispensed upstream from the blood sample, at position A; 2, 100 μl of buffer (10 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4, plus 137 mM NaCl, plus 0.02% triton-X-100) was dispensed immediately downstream from the blood sample in an angle and contrary to the direction of sample flow; 3, 100 μl of 0.9% NaCl was dispensed immediately downstream from the blood sample in an angle, and contrary to the direction of sample flow. Although the sample pad is composed of a bibulous material design to retain blood cells, the flow in (1) causes red blood cells to move into the membrane when liquid is applied above or upstream the sample. Dispensing of the liquid in (2) and (3) created a reflux compelling cells to the edge (position A) prior to resuming liquid flow towards the membrane. The leakage is more accentuated as the blood volume increases.

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5

Fabrication of Lateral Flow Assay

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FeSO4·7H2O (>99%), FeCl3 (97%), NH4OH, oleic acid (90%), myristic acid (>98%), and lauric acid (>98%) were purchased from Merk Schuchardt OHG (Hehenbrunn, Germany) and used without any further modification.
Neutravidin protein was obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylpropyl] carbodiimide (EDC), bovine serum albumin (BSA), biotin-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BBSA), n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-(n-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES), and Tween20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Glass fiber membranes (GFCP001000), used as sample pad and backing cards (HF000MC100), were purchased from Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Other materials used were nitrocellulose membranes (UniSart CN95, Sartorius, Spain) and absorbent pads (Whatman, Piscataway, NJ, USA).
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6

Sandwich Immunochromatographic Assay Design

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The IC strips were designed to realize a sandwich format of immunochromatographic assay [34 (link),56 (link)] with the addition of a negative control line (NCL) formed by an isotype control antibody. Each test strip was composed of an overlapping sample pad (Ahlstrom CytoSep, Helsinki, Finland), nitrocellulose (UniSart CN95, 260 µm thick and 100-µm backing; Sartorius AG, Goettingen, Germany), and absorbent (Ahlstrom CytoSep, Helsinki, Finland) membranes assembled on an adhesive plastic backing sheet (Lohmann, Hebron, KY, USA). To form the NCL, mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody (1 mg/mL, clone MOPC-21; Exbio Praha, Czech Republic) was deposited onto a 40 mm-wide and 300 mm-long nitrocellulose membrane at 15 mm from the membrane front edge at a jetting rate of 1 µL/cm with a Biodot XYZ3060 Dispense Platform (Biodot Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). The test line (TL) was deposited similarly at 25 mm from the membrane front edge by jetting monoclonal antibodies to CD81 (clone M38; Exbio Praha, Czech Republic) or CD326/EpCAM (clone 323/A3; Exbio Praha, Czech Republic). The control line (CL) was formed by jetting antispecies IgG antibodies (cat. no. 7457507, Lampire, Pipersville, PA, USA). The fully assembled card was dried for 4 h at +37 °C. The IC strips were cut 3 mm wide by an automated cutter, the “CM4000 Guillotine Cutter” (Biodot Inc., Irvine, CA, USA).
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7

Fabrication and Characterization of Biocompatible Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized as reported by Bica et al. [42 (link)]. The particles were then coated with biocompatible surfactants: oleic acid (MNP-OA), lauric acid (MNP-LA), and myristic acid (MNP-MA).
Neutravidin, biotin-BSA, N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide (EDC), N-Hydroxy succinimide (NHS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), anti-mouse IgG, 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Monoclonal antibodies anti-CD63 and anti-CD9 were acquired from Immunostep S.L (Salamanca, Spain). The other reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Nitrocellulose membranes (UniSart CN95) were purchased from Sartorius (Madrid, Spain). The other materials used were glass fiber sample pads (GFCP001000, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), backing cards (KN-V1080, Kenoshatapes, Amstelveen, The Netherlands) and absorbent pads (Whatman, Piscataway, USA).
Based on previous results, the sample buffer consisted of 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, with 0.5% Tween-20 and 1% BSA.
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8

Rapid ELISA-Based IL-6 Detection

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A nitrocellulose (NC) membrane
(UniSart, CN95) was purchased from Sartorius, Germany. An absorbent
pad (A222) was purchased from Kenosha tapes, the Netherlands. A backing
card of 60 mm width and 0.01 in. thickness was obtained from Lohmann,
USA. The monoclonal mouse anti-IL-6 antibodies (L152 and L395) and
recombinant human IL-6 antigen were purchased from Hytest Ltd., Finland.
L152 was used as a capture antibody, and L395 was used as a detection
antibody. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs 40 nm, optical density 40) were
purchased from Abcam, UK. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Tris-buffered
saline (TBS), casein, amicon filter units, hydroxylamine, and Tween-20
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, UK. Selenium dioxide (SeO2, 98%), sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (NaTP, 99.5%), and sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 98.5%) were all acquired from Sigma-Aldrich.
Deionized water was produced at Glantreo Ltd.
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9

Lateral Flow Assay for Histamine Detection

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Mouse histamine monoclonal antibody (MBS2025715) and histamine-BSA conjugate antigen (MBS358205) were purchased from Mybiosource. Anti-mouse IgG, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), 1ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and histamine dihydrochloride were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Spain). Recombinant protein A/G was purchased at Thermo-Scientific (Massachusetts, USA).
Gold nanoparticles of size 40 nm were purchased from BB International (UK). Disposable 0.45 µm PVDF filters were purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences.
Glass fibre membrane (GFCP001000) used as sample pad and backing cards (HF000MC100) were purchased from Millipore (Germany). Other materials used were nitrocellulose membranes (UniSart CN95, Sartorius, Spain) and absorbent pads (Whatman, USA). Based on previous results, the sample buffer consisted of 10 mM Phosphate-Buffer (PB) pH 7.4 with 0.5% Tween-20 and 1% BSA.
An IsoFlow reagent dispensing system (Imagene Technology, USA) was used to dispense the detection lines (dispense rate 0.100 µL/mm) and the strips were cut with a guillotine Fellowes Gamma (Spain).
A portable strip reader ESE Quant LR3 lateral flow system (Qiagen Inc., Germany) was used to quantify the intensity of the test line by reflectance measurements.
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