Sprague dawley

Three-week-old female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from Charles River Laboratory, and maintained on a 12-h light-dark cycle at 22°C with free access to diet and water. After 3 days of adaptation, rats were randomized into two dietary groups and fed either an AIN93G-based control diet or an obesity-inducing high-fat diet (HFD). HFD contained 215 g per 1 kg diet of Crisco (a synthetic form of lard high in saturated fat) and 50 g corn oil (contains mostly n-6 polyunsaturated fat), and the control diet contained 25 g of both fats. The customized diets were purchased from Harlan Teklad Diet Laboratories (Envigo, Madison, WI, USA); diet ingredients are listed in Supplementary Table 1 (see section on supplementary materials given at the end of this article). Female rats were kept on these diets for 12 weeks, mated, and then continued on the same diet throughout pregnancy. At birth, all dams were switched to the control AIN93G diet and 1 day later, their pups were regrouped as 10 female pups per litter.

All experimental protocols were approved by the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Six- to 8-week-old male Lewis, Fischer, and Sprague Dawley rats were obtained from Charles River Laboratories. Sprague Dawley rats were used for ocular pharmacokinetic study and safety study. For the corneal transplantation studies, Lewis rats were used as the receptor animals and Fisher rats were used as donor animals in the PKP studies. All experimental animals were cared by the VCU's Department of Animal Resources. Animals were anesthetized before euthanasia.

Thirteen to fifteen-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from Charles River (strain code: 001) and had equal access to normal chow and water. The rats were kept in a twelve-hour light and dark cycle. All rats were allowed to acclimate to their environment for at least one week, with procedures starting at 16 weeks old. Rats were exposed to an oral intragastric gavage with a manual restraint and 2 g/kg ethanol [19 (link)] or tap water was administered to ethanol-treated rats or control-treated rats, respectively for one, three or six hours. At the three and six-hour time points, blood for plasma separation for BAC measurement was collected via tail nick. Rats in the six-hour treatment group were administered a second dose of ethanol three hours after the first dosage to maintain the correct BAC. Animals were euthanized with excess CO₂ and a final blood sample for plasma separation was collected via cardiac puncture. BAC was measured using an AM1 Alcohol Analyzer (Analox, Stokesley, UK) and the respective Analox kit instructions. The Marshall University IACUC approved all animal handling, treatment and euthanasia in this protocol (IACUC 1175526-8).

Animals had access to food and water ad libitum with a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on at 7:00 a.m.). The following species and strains were used: (1) mice: CD-1, C57BL/6J, OF1 and Swiss (Charles River Laboratories, US; Janvier Labs, Le Genest Saint Isle, France); (2) Rats: Sprague-Dawley (Charles River Laboratories, France) (see below for further details). All testing was performed during the light (day) cycle.