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23 protocols using transcription factor staining kit

1

Comprehensive Immune Profile of T Cells

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Surface staining was performed for 30 min and with tetramer for 90 min at 4°C in PBS supplemented with 2% FCS and 0.01% azide (FACS buffer) using the following antibodies: anti-CD8α (53-6.7), CD127 (eBioSB/199), LAG-3 (C9B7W), and KLRG-1 (2F1; all eBioscience); anti–PD-1 (RMP1-30; BioLegend); gp276–286 tetramer (TCMetrix); and anti-CD4 (GK1.5), CD45.1 (A20), and CD45.2 (clone 104), obtained from or custom purified by Bio X Cell and coupled to Pacific blue, Alexa Fluor 647, or FITC using labeling reagents from Invitrogen. Cells were washed twice and fixed in PBS supplemented with 1% formaldehyde, 2% glucose, and 0.03% azide for 20 min. Then, cells were washed again and resuspended in FACS buffer. For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD) and stained with anti–IFN-γ (XMG1.2), TNF (MP6-XT22; both from eBioscience), or granzyme B (GB12; Invitrogen). T-bet and Eomes staining was performed with a transcription factor staining kit (eBioscience) and stained with Eomes (Dan11mag) and T-bet (eBio4B10; both from eBioscience).
For flow cytometry sorting, living cells were stained in 10% FCS RPMI media and sorted on a FACSAria instrument (BD).
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2

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Freshly collected tissues were kept on ice, passed through a 40 µm filter then cells stained with a viability marker (dilution 1:1,000 in PBS; Live/Dead Fixable Blue, ThermoFisher Scientific). Cells were washed once in FACS buffer (0.5% BSA in PBS) then stained for surface antigens in FACS buffer for 30 min in the dark. Washed cells were fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix (BD Biosciences) for surface stains, or the Transcription Factor Staining kit (eBioscience) for intracellular stains. TCR Vβ repertoire was assessed using the anti‐mouse TCR Vβ Screening Panel (BD Biosciences). Data were acquired on a BD Fortessa and analyzed using FlowJo software (V.10, Treestar). Primary antibodies and their dilutions are listed under “Antibodies.”
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3

Characterization of Lung Immune Responses in WT and AhR-/- Mice

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The lungs from P. brasilienis infected WT and AhR−/− mice were collected after 96 h, 2 and 10 weeks of infection, digested enzymatically and lung leukocytes prepared as previously described39 (link). For cell-surface staining, lung cells were suspended at 1 × 106 cells/mL in staining buffer. Fc receptors were blocked with unlabeled anti-CD16/32 (eBioscience) and then stained for 30 min on ice with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. For myeloid cells the following antibodies were used: anti-CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II (IAb+). For lymphocytes: anti-CD4, CD25, CD8, CD44, and CD62L. For ILCs characterization, lung leukocytes were first treated with anti-mouse lineage cocktail (Biolegend) containing antibodies to CD3, Ly6G/Ly6C, CD11b, CD45R/B220, TER 119/erytroid cells, that react with T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells and erythrocytes. Intracellular staining was conducted using the eBioscience Transcription Factor staining kit and specific antibodies for IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL, 22, IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10, FoxP3, IDO-1 and AhR. Cells were run on FACSCantoII (BD Biosciences) and a minimum of 50,000 events was acquired using a FACSDiva software (BD Biosciences). Cells were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star).
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4

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping

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To assess the expression of cell surface proteins, cells were incubated with fluorochrome-conjugated mAb at 4°C for 30 min. The cells were then washed with FACS buffer. For some experiments, the cells were then fixed with PBS containing 2% paraformaldeyhe. In procedures requiring intracellular staining, cells were permeabilized following surface staining using the transcription factor staining kit (eBioscience), stained for 1 h at 4°C with a second set of fluorochrome-conjugated mAb, and suspended in FACS buffer for acquisition. The fluorochrome-conjugated mAb used in surface and intracellular staining were as follows: B cell panel—FITC IgA, PerCP-eF710 IgM, AF594 IgG3, AF647 IgG2b, AF700 CD38, APC-eF780 “dump” (CD90.2, CD11c, F4-80, and GR1), BV510 IgE, BV605 IgG1, BV711 IgG2A, BV786 IgD, AF350 IgG (H+L), BUV395 B220; T cell surface panel –PE-Cy7 PD-1, AlexaFluor® (AF) 700 CD44, APC-eFluor® (eF) 780 “dump” (CD11b, CD11c, and B220), Brilliant Violet™ (BV) 421 CXCR5, BV650 CD8a, and Brilliant Ultraviolet™ (BUV) 395 CD4; and T cell ICS panel—AF488 Bcl6, BV605 Tbet, AF700 CD44, APC-eF780 “dump” (CD11b, CD11c, and B220), and BUV395 CD4.
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5

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Single-cell suspensions were incubated with the Fc-receptor blocking reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and then stained with immunofluorescence-conjugated mAbs following the manufacturer’s instructions (Table S5). For transcription factor staining, the cells were first surface stained before fixation and permeabilization using the transcription factor staining kit (eBioscience), followed by intranuclear staining. For intracellular cytokine staining, CD8+ T cells (1.0 × 105 cells) were stimulated in vitro with 50 ng/mL Phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetate (PMA, Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 μg/mL Ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 h in the presence of 5 μg/mL GolgiPlug. Cell surface molecules were stained before fixation and permeabilization, using the fixation/permeabilization kit (BD Biosciences), followed by intracellular staining. Cell viability was determined using the Annexin V apoptosis detection kits (BioLegend), according to manufacturer’s instructions. The cell samples were analyzed on a flow cytometer (FACS Canto II or Accuri C6; BD Biosciences), and data were analyzed using FlowJo software v10.7 (Tree Star Inc.).
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6

Comprehensive Single-Cell Analysis of Immune Cells

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Single immune cells were obtained from draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues of indicated mice. For cell surface analysis, a total of 1–5×106 cells were stained with Abs in the dark at 4°C for 30 min. After washing with cold resuspension solution buffer (1×PBS supplemented with 2% FBS), cells were analyzed using CytoFLEX flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter). CytExpert software (V.2.4) was used for data analysis. To detect the expression of intracellular transcriptional factors, cells were fixed and permeabilized following 30 min surface staining according to the manual of Transcription Factor Staining kit (eBioscience), followed by anti-Foxp3 antibody staining and Flow Cytometry (FACS) analysis. For cytokine analysis, cell samples were stimulated in vitro with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/Ionomycin in the presence of Brefeldin A (BioLegend) and Monensin (BioLegend) for 4 hours. Cells were washed and stained with surface marker antibodies, fixed and permeabilized using Fixation/Permeabilization buffer (BioLegend), and stained with intracellular antibodies.
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7

Multimodal Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells

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Single-cell suspensions were prepared from mouse spleen, bone marrow, inguinal lymph nodes, peritoneal cavity and blood. 1-4 x 106 cells in PBS 2% FCS were transferred into appropriate wells of a 96-well U bottom plate. To prevent non-specific antibody binding, cells were incubated with Fc blocking antibody for 20 min at 4°C in the dark. Cells were then incubated with antibodies for 30 min, on ice and in the dark. To fix cells, they were incubated in 10% formalin (Sigma-Aldrich) for 15 min at 4°C, and washed and resuspended in PBS 2% FCS. To stain for intracellular nuclear proteins, cells were fixed and permeabilised using the manufacturer’s instructions and the eBioscience Transcription Factor Staining kit. Stained single-cell suspensions were acquired on the BD LSRFortessa™.
Where appropriate, following extracellular antibody staining, immune populations were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) on a FACS Aria III (BD Biosciences).
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8

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Protocol

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Single-cell suspensions were stained with fluorescently conjugated antibodies in a 1:100 dilution unless otherwise noted. For live/dead discrimination, cells were stained with either LIVE/DEAD Blue Reactive Dye (Invitrogen) (20 minutes, on ice, before primary) or Alexa Fluor NHS Ester (ThermoFisher) (with primary stain), and 4μg/mL anti-CD16/32 (2.4G2; Bioxcell) to block Fc receptors. The following anti-mouse antibodies were used, with clone and source company listed: CD45 PerCP-Cyanine5.5 (30-F11, BioLegend), CD45 BV510 (30-F11, BioLegend), CX3CR1 BV605 (SA011F11, BioLegend), F4/80 BV711 (BM8, BioLegend), Ly6G PerCP-Cyanine5.5 (1A8, BioLegend), Ly6C PE/Cyanine7 (HK1.4, BioLegend), CD11b BUV395 (M1/70, BD Horizon), CD11c BV650 (N418, BioLegend), Ki67 PE/Dazzle (16A8, BioLegend). Intracellular Ki67 was stained using the eBioscience Transcription Factor Staining Kit, following the included protocol. The BD FACS ARIA II was used for cell sorting, and the Bio-Rad ZE5 Yeti was used for flow cytometry analysis. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo v10 (FlowJo LLC).
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9

Multiparameter Immune Cell Profiling

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Equal numbers of cells were stained for each sample, washed with ice-cold PBS, and stained with Zombie Ultraviolet dye (BioLegend) for 10 min at room temperature. All samples were then blocked with 5 μg/ml αCD16/CD32 (2.4G2; BioLegend) in FACS buffer (PBS containing 2% FCS and 2 mM EDTA) before staining for specified surface markers at 4 °C for 25 min. For detection of intracellular molecules, following surface staining, cells were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min at room temperature, permeabilized with the Transcription Factor Staining Kit (eBioscience), and then stained with the anti-RELM-α FITC antibody (Peprotech, UK). Samples were acquired using a 5 laser Fortessa with BD FACSDiva software and analyzed with the FlowJo software (v9, Tree Star).
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10

Immunophenotyping of Myeloid Cells

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Single cell suspensions were stained with biotin anti-P2RY12 antibody (1:100, BioLegend) in Fc block for 20 min at 4°C, followed by streptavidin eFluor450 conjugated antibody (1:200, eBioscience) in FACS wash buffer. Intracellular IRF8 (IRF8-FITC/IRF8-APC, V3GYWCH, 1:100, eBioscience) was stained with eBioscience Transcription Factor staining kit. Cells were run on a FACSCanto II. Transduced cells were identified by GFP+. Data was analyzed using FlowJo.
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