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3 protocols using scandium 3 nitrate hydrate

1

Synthesis of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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Barium (II) nitrate (99.95%), scandium (III) nitrate hydrate (99.9%), iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (98+%), citric acid (99+%), tetraethylorthosilicate (99%), sodium hydroxide (98%), and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (99+%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, Lancashire, UK. Paraffin wax (mp ≥ 65 °C) was purchased from Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB (>99%) was obtained from VWR Int. GmbH, Vienna, Austria, chloroform was purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (95%) was purchased from Gelest, Morrisville, PA, USA. Nitric acid (65%), ethanol (99.5%), sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide (25%) were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents S.A.S, Milan, Italy. All the chemicals were used without any further purification.
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2

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Substituted Barium Hexaferrite Nanoplatelets

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Barium (II) nitrate (99.95%), scandium (III) nitrate hydrate (99.9%), iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (98+%), citric acid (99+%), tetraethylorthosilicate (99%), sodium hydroxide (98%), 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) (98%), and sodium alendronate (a source of AL) (97%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). Nitric acid was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA).
Precise concentrations of the metals in the salts were determined with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES, Agilent 720, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Deionized water was used in all experiments. Barium hexaferrite nanoplatelets partly substituted with Sc3+ (BSHF NPLs) were synthesized hydrothermally as previously described [9 (link)], followed by washing with Nitric acid and water. The obtained BSHF NPLs were colloidally stable in water after tuning the pH to pH = 2 with Nitric acid.
The BSHF NPLs showed a typical hexagonal plate-like shape with a magnetoplumbite crystal structure (Figure 1a). A selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) of the sample is shown in Figure S1 in the Supplementary Materials. The detailed structural analysis of BSHF NPLs is given in [10 (link)]. Figure 1 represents magnetic hysteresis (Figure 1a) with saturation magnetization of Ms~35 Am2kg−1 and a significant coercivity of Hc = 97 kAm−1 typical for hard magnetic materials such as barium hexaferrite (Figure 1b).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Sc-Substituted Barium Hexaferrite Nanoplatelets

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Barium(II) nitrate (99.95%),
iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (>98%), scandium(III) nitrate hydrate
(99.9%), bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate (98%), NaOH (98%), and
1-hexanol were obtained from Alfa Aesar. Octadecylphosphonic acid
(OPA), (12-phosphono)dodecyl phosphonic acid (DPA), and HNO3 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N,N,N-ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic
acid) hydrate (EDTMP hydrate) was obtained from abcr GmbH, (12-phosphono)dodecyl
sulfonic acid (PSA) from Sikemia, and toluene was obtained from VWR
Chemicals. All chemicals were used as received.
Sc-substituted
BHF nanoplatelets (BHF NPLs) were synthesized hydrothermally at 240
°C, as described previously,3 (link) starting
with a nominal molar ratio of metal nitrates (Fe + Sc)/Ba = 5 and
Fe/Sc = 9. Stable aqueous suspensions of the BHF NPLs were obtained
at pH = 2–2.2, which was adjusted with a 14.3 M solution of
HNO3. The chemical composition of the NPLs was determined
in average to be Ba1±0.08Fe14.9±0.12Sc0.87±0.10Ox, and their
thickness was found to be ca. 3–5 nm.16 (link) The width of the as-synthesized BHF NPLs was determined (see Materials Characterization) from transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) images (as in Figure 1a). For the estimation of surface ligand
fractions and coating densities (for details, see the Supporting Information), we considered an average
width of 50 or 60 nm (Table 1) and a thickness of 4 nm.
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