Taylor hobson

To assess changes in surface roughness, discs were analyzed using a contact profilometer (Taylor Hobson, AMETEK GmbH, Weiterstadt, Germany). Six measurements were taken per disc before and after treatment, covering a preset analysis length of 1.5 × 1.5 mm² in 0.5 mm increments along the Y-axis. As the discs displayed continuous parallel grooves after the instrumentation, three measurements were conducted in the direction of instrumentation, with the remaining three taken at a 90° angle to the instrumentation direction. Surface abrasion of each disc was measured using a perthometer (Mahr S2; Perthometer, Thalwil, Switzerland). A total of five measurements, spanning a length of 1.5 mm with 250 μm increments along the X-axis, were analyzed. To evaluate surface changes resulting from instrumentation, the surfaces of two discs per group were examined using SEM (GeminiSEM450, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Before analysis, the samples were coated with a 6 nm layer of gold. Magnifications of 100×, 1000×, 5000×, 10,000×, and 10 kV were utilized. To determine the size and shape of the released particles, three discs per group were examined. An adhesive tape was used to collect particles from the disc surfaces, and these particles were subsequently analyzed using SEM at the same magnification level.

After instrumentation discs were removed from the setting without touching the instrumented surface, and the discs were dried by airflow.
The surface morphology of both, treated and untreated surfaces was then assessed using a contact profilometer (Taylor Hobson, AMETEK GmbH, Weiterstadt, Germany). On each disc, five profiles were taken on both, untreated and treated surfaces over a preset distance of 1000 µm. This respective assessment line was placed in a way, that the whole distance was within the homogeneously instrumented area on the disc. As for the machined surface (IV), which displayed continuous parallel grooves in the direction of pre-instrumentation, the test distances were orientated in the direction of the grooves. To characterize the surface morphology three surrogate parameters for surface roughness were assessed, of which Ra indicates the arithmetical mean deviation, Rz the maximum height of profile and Rt the range of assessed profile points of the assessed surface profile.