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23 protocols using ventana iscan ht

1

Comprehensive IHC Staining Procedure

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Tumor tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. IHC was performed by the Pathology Core at City of Hope using VENTANA Ultra IHC automated stainer (VENTANA Medical Systems, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Briefly, tissue samples were sectioned at a thickness of 5 μm and put on positively charged glass slides. The slides were loaded on the machine and followed by deparaffinization, rehydration, endogenous peroxydase activity inhibition, and antigen retrieval. The slides were first incubated with primary antibody against Ki67 (Clone 30-9, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA) for proliferation and cleaved-caspase 3 (clone ASP175, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA) for apoptosis, and then incubated with DISCOVERY anti-Rabbit HQ and anti-HQ-HRP, visualized with the DISCOVERY ChromoMap DAB Kit, and counterstained with haematoxylin (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). The immunoreactivity is evident as a dark brown color. Slides were scanned with VENTANA iScan HT using VENTANA Image Viewer (VENTANA Medical Systems, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). The images were taken at 40x magnification.
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Enteric Nervous System

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The stained tissue sections were scanned with the Ventana iScan HT slide scanner (Ventana Medical Systems, Oro Valley, AZ, USA). Of these images, viewed with Panoramic Viewer (version 1.15.4, 3DHISTECH, Budapest, Hungary), random images of regions of interest were taken (×200).
Two investigators blinded to the study groups counted the MPO- and CD3-positive cells in three to five non-overlapping high-power fields in the mucosa and submucosa. The average MPO- and CD3-positive cells per area are reported for each animal. The percentage of area in the submucosal and myenteric ganglia positively stained for PGP9.5, doublecortin, GFAP, and S100β was determined in five non-overlapping high-power fields using Leica QWin Pro software (version 3.4.0, Leica Microsystems, Mannheim, Germany) by an investigator blinded to the study groups. Relative area staining was calculated by dividing the positively stained areas of the ganglia of the submucosal or myenteric plexus by the total area of the muscle layer. The data are expressed as fold increase over the control value.
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3

PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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From each block (single cases and TMAs) 5-mm sections were cut and stained for PD-L1 (clone SP263, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) on an automated staining platform (Benchmark Ultra [Ventana Medical Systems]). An OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit (Ventana Medical Systems) and an OptiView Amplification Kit (Ventana Medical Systems) were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations for visualization of the primary anti-PD-L1 antibody.
Stained sections were scanned with a Ventana iScan HT slide scanner (Ventana Medical Systems) and scored on the basis of percentage of tumor cells showing membranous positivity irrespective of staining intensities; a three-tiered system was then applied by using the following thresholds: less than 1%, 1% to 49%, and at least 50%.
PD-L1 evaluation was performed blindly by two pathologists who use clone SP263 in their clinical practice (E.M. and G.B.); discordant cases (cores and whole sections) were reevaluated by a third pathologist (G.R.).
Those cores showing a neoplastic component of at least 30% were considered adequate; therefore, cores with lower percentages of neoplastic component were excluded.
Macrophages were used as an internal control to validate the adequacy of the PD-L1 staining reaction.
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4

Paraffin-Embedded Organoid Histology

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Tissue and organoids were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde followed by dehydration, paraffin embedding, sectioning, and standard haematoxylin and eosin staining. Stained organoid slides were digitalized using the Ventana iScan HT (Version 1.1, Roche, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.) using a ×200 magnification. Sections were blindly analysed by a pancreatic cancer pathologist.
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5

Automated Immunohistochemistry Staining of Tissue Sections

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Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded 5 μm tissue sections were stained in batches for CD4, CD8, and CD163 in a central laboratory at the Johns Hopkins Hospital according to standard automated protocols. Deparaffinization and rehydration were performed, followed by antigen retrieval and antibody staining. CD4 and CD8IHC was performed using the Ventana Benchmark Ultra autostaining system (Roche) using mouse monoclonal anti-CD8 (C8144B) antibody (Cell marque) and rabbit monoclonal anti-CD4(Sp35) antibody (Roche), followed by detection with the iVIEW DAB Detection Kit (Roche). CD163 IHC was performed on the Leica Bond MAX autostaining system (Leica Biosystems) using anti-CD163 (10D6) antibody (Leica Biosystems) followed by detection with Bond Polymer Refine Detection kit (Leica Biosystems). For tissue section imaging, slides were imaged using a Ventana iScan HT slide scanner (Roche) and processed using the Ventana Virtuoso software (Roche) (Figure S6D).
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6

Automated Immunohistochemistry Staining of Tissue Sections

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Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded 5 μm tissue sections were stained in batches for CD4, CD8, and CD163 in a central laboratory at the Johns Hopkins Hospital according to standard automated protocols. Deparaffinization and rehydration were performed, followed by antigen retrieval and antibody staining. CD4 and CD8IHC was performed using the Ventana Benchmark Ultra autostaining system (Roche) using mouse monoclonal anti-CD8 (C8144B) antibody (Cell marque) and rabbit monoclonal anti-CD4(Sp35) antibody (Roche), followed by detection with the iVIEW DAB Detection Kit (Roche). CD163 IHC was performed on the Leica Bond MAX autostaining system (Leica Biosystems) using anti-CD163 (10D6) antibody (Leica Biosystems) followed by detection with Bond Polymer Refine Detection kit (Leica Biosystems). For tissue section imaging, slides were imaged using a Ventana iScan HT slide scanner (Roche) and processed using the Ventana Virtuoso software (Roche) (Figure S6D).
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7

Brain Tissue Preparation and Histological Imaging

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The brain was extracted from Swiss Webster mice (Hsd: ND4, Harlan Laboratories), and fixed in 3.7% formalin solution at room temperature. Afterwards, the fixed brain was embedded in 4% agarose and then sectioned by a microtome (VT1200 S, Leica) into slices 300 μm thick. All experimental animal procedures were carried out in conformity with a laboratory animal protocol approved by the Animal Studies Committee of California Institute of Technology. After they are imaged by ULM-PAM, the thick slices underwent standard procedures for histological staining (including paraffinization, slicing into 10 μm in thickness, and staining), and were finally imaged in a digital pathology system (VENTANA iScan HT, Roche). It should be noted that some samples were fragmented and slightly distorted during the thin-slicing procedure, which did not affect the comparison. The whole LFB-stained-histologic image of the cerebrum and cerebellum is shown in Supplementary Fig. S4.
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8

Brain Tissue Preparation and Histological Imaging

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The brain was extracted from Swiss Webster mice (Hsd: ND4, Harlan Laboratories), and fixed in 3.7% formalin solution at room temperature. Afterwards, the fixed brain was embedded in 4% agarose and then sectioned by a microtome (VT1200 S, Leica) into slices 300 μm thick. All experimental animal procedures were carried out in conformity with a laboratory animal protocol approved by the Animal Studies Committee of California Institute of Technology. After they are imaged by ULM-PAM, the thick slices underwent standard procedures for histological staining (including paraffinization, slicing into 10 μm in thickness, and staining), and were finally imaged in a digital pathology system (VENTANA iScan HT, Roche). It should be noted that some samples were fragmented and slightly distorted during the thin-slicing procedure, which did not affect the comparison. The whole LFB-stained-histologic image of the cerebrum and cerebellum is shown in Supplementary Fig. S4.
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9

Phospho-PKR Immunohistochemistry in Ovarian Cancer

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The tissue array consists of matched recurrent/resistant and primary/naive from 14 ovarian cancer patients (39 (link)). Slides deparaffinization, antigen retrieving, and blocking were performed as we have described (40 (link)). The arrays were stained with anti-phospho- PKR T446 antibody (ab32036, 1:200 dilutions, Abcam) by using a VECTASTAIN Elite ABC-Peroxidase Kits following the manufacturer’s instructions (PK-6101, VECTOR LAB INC). Mouse tumors from SKOV3 xenografts (control and PKR knockout) were used to validate the antibody. Cleaved caspase 3 IHC staining (1:100 dilutions) was also used to detect cell death in tumors. Cell nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. Ventana iScan HT (Roche) was used for slide scanning with a 20X objective lens. Scoring and statistical analysis were done as we previously described (40 (link)).
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10

Phospho-PKR Immunohistochemistry in Ovarian Cancer

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The tissue array consists of matched recurrent/resistant and primary/naive from 14 ovarian cancer patients (39 (link)). Slides deparaffinization, antigen retrieving, and blocking were performed as we have described (40 (link)). The arrays were stained with anti-phospho- PKR T446 antibody (ab32036, 1:200 dilutions, Abcam) by using a VECTASTAIN Elite ABC-Peroxidase Kits following the manufacturer’s instructions (PK-6101, VECTOR LAB INC). Mouse tumors from SKOV3 xenografts (control and PKR knockout) were used to validate the antibody. Cleaved caspase 3 IHC staining (1:100 dilutions) was also used to detect cell death in tumors. Cell nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. Ventana iScan HT (Roche) was used for slide scanning with a 20X objective lens. Scoring and statistical analysis were done as we previously described (40 (link)).
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