Potassium peroxodisulfate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States

Potassium peroxodisulfate is a chemical compound that serves as an oxidizing agent. It is a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula K2S2O8.

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Potassium peroxodisulfate (K2S2O8, (2 citations)

20 protocols using potassium peroxodisulfate

Iodide Determination via Cerimetric Titration

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All the solutions were prepared with analytical grade chemicals and Milli-Q water (MQW) (resistivity > 18 MΩ cm, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
A 7.9 mmol L⁻¹ (1.0 g L⁻¹) iodide solution was prepared from the 0.10 mol L⁻¹ iodide stock solution (sodium iodide) acquired from Hanna instruments (HI 4011-01, Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, RI, USA). The working solutions were prepared daily, within a range of 0.20–4.0 µmol L⁻¹ (0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 2.0, and 4.0 µmol L⁻¹) of iodide.
A cerium solution containing 1.85 mmol L⁻¹ Ce(IV) and an arsenious solution containing 100 mmol L⁻¹ As(III) and 0.43 mol L⁻¹ NaCl (Ce(IV) and As(III) solutions) were prepared in 1 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ from appropriate amounts of ammonium cerium(IV) sulphate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), sodium (meta)arsenite (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and sodium chloride (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and a sulphuric acid stock solution, respectively.
The sulphuric acid solution, 1 mol L⁻¹, was prepared by dilution of the concentrated acid (d = 1.84, 95–97%, Fluka, Taufkirchen, Germany) in MQW.
An oxidant solution, 0.3% of potassium peroxodisulfate, was prepared by dissolving 0.30 g of potassium peroxodisulfate (Merck, Germany) in 100 mL of 1 mol L⁻¹ of H₂SO₄.

Miranda J.L., Mesquita R.B., Palacio E., Estela J.M., Cerdà V, & Rangel A.O. (2022). Chip-Based Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Iodine in a Multi-Syringe Flow Platform with and without In-Line Digestion—Application to Salt, Pharmaceuticals, and Algae Samples. Molecules, 27(4), 1325.

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Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds

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Caffeic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid), catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, myricetin, quercetin, trolox, gallic acid, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium nitrite, aluminium chloride, potassium peroxodisulfate, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and EDTA were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin was from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Ascorbic acid and all organic solvents were obtained from Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy). Standard phenolics were dissolved in methanol (1 mg/mL), stored at −80 °C, and used within 1 week. Working standard solutions were obtained daily by dilution in sample buffer (1.25% glacial acetic acid, 7% methanol in twice-distilled water).

Nardini M, & Foddai M.S. (2020). Phenolics Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Special Beers. Molecules, 25(11), 2466.

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Comprehensive Analytical Characterization of Food Compounds

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The ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) diammonium salt, potassium peroxodisulfate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, Trolox^®, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, methylglyoxal solution, L-arginine, hexane, 5-hydroxymethyl-L-furfural, BHT (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), (+)-catechin, rutin, quercetin, D-glucose, citric, L-ascorbic, oxalic, gallic and hydroxybenzoic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Switzerland). Acetone and trifluoroacetic acid were bought from Acros Organics (France). Methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Fine Chemicals (Netherlands), ethyl acetate from Alfa Aesar (Germany). Acetic and sulfuric acids were from Thermo Scientific (Germany). Lycopene, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin were bought from Extrasynthèse (France) and absolute ethanol from Alcosuisse (Switzerland). Fructose and saccharose were obtained from Merck (Germany).
Folin and Ciocaulteu reagent, sodium dihydrogen phosphate mono-hydrate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous and sodium azide were purchased from Chempur (Poland), BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) from Pol-Aura (Poland). The pectinase Pectinex Ultra SP-L was obtained from Novozymes (Denmark).
Deionized water (Milli-Q purification system, BlancLabo, Switzerland) was used for chromatography.
All reagents used were of analytical grade or higher. All solvents were of HPLC grade.

Hendrysiak A., Brzezowska J., Nicolet N., Bocquel D., Andlauer W, & Michalska-Ciechanowska A. (2023). Juice Powders from Rosehip (Rosa canina L.): Physical, Chemical, and Antiglycation Properties. Molecules, 28(4), 1674.

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Antioxidant Assay Protocol

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Gallic acid, (+) catechin hydrate, (±) 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium peroxodisulfate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), ferrous sulfate, aluminium chloride hexahydrate, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) was from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). All other reagents were of the best grade available.

Nardini M, & Garaguso I. (2018). Effect of Sulfites on Antioxidant Activity, Total Polyphenols, and Flavonoid Measurements in White Wine. Foods, 7(3), 35.

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Graphite-based Hydrogel Synthesis

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Graphite powder was acquired from Bay Carbon Inc. (SP-1 reference). Acrylamide (Am), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) and melamine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Martín C., Merino S., González-Domínguez J.M., Rauti R., Ballerini L., Prato M, & Vázquez E. (2017). Graphene Improves the Biocompatibility of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels: 3D Polymeric Scaffolds for Neuronal Growth. Scientific Reports, 7, 10942.

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Facile Synthesis of Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Graphite
powder (Merck),
KMnO₄ (>99%, Sigma), Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (>98%, Sigma), 2-methylimidazole (Hmim, Sigma), H₂O₂ (30%, VWR Chemicals), KMnO₄ (>99%,
Sigma),
NaNO₃ (>99%, Sigma), sulfuric acid (reagent grade), l-ascorbic acid (reagent grade, Sigma), tert-butanol (>99.5%, Sigma), p-benzoquinone (>98%,
Sigma), potassium peroxodisulfate (>99%, Sigma), ammonium oxalate
(>99%, Sigma), sodium hydroxide (>97%, Sigma), and ethanol were
used
as received without further purification. All solutions were prepared
using Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm, Millipore) as the solvent.

Tatykayev B., Donat F., Alem H., Balan L., Medjahdi G., Uralbekov B, & Schneider R. (2017). Synthesis of Core/Shell ZnO/rGO Nanoparticles by Calcination of ZIF-8/rGO Composites and Their Photocatalytic Activity. ACS Omega, 2(8), 4946-4954.

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Analytical Reagents and Solutions Preparation

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Potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS), potassium peroxodisulfate (PDS), BA, NB, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium chloride, and potassium bromide were all ACS reagent grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company. Bromate standard for IC and chlorate standard for IC were also from Sigma-Aldrich Company. Hydrogen peroxide solution (35% w/w) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. HLPC grade phosphoric acid and methanol are available from DIMA-Tech and Thermo Fisher Science Inc. Gas chromatography (GC) grade chloroform (TCM) was purchased from Tianjin Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Suwannee River NOM (1R101N) was obtained from the International Humus Society, and the other reagents were of analytical reagent grade and purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All solutions were prepared in Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm) produced by Milli-Q Biocel water system.

Guan Y.H., Chen J., Chen L.J., Jiang X.X, & Fu Q. (2020). Comparison of UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV/PDS in Destruction of Different Reactivity Compounds and Formation of Bromate and Chlorate. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, 581198.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Edible Oils

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All the chemicals and reagents were purchased from: Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) (ethanol absolute, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)), Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) (sulfuric acid 95–98% (H₂SO₄), potassium peroxodisulfate, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), galanthamine hydrobromide), Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS^•+)), Carlo Erba Reagents (Val-de-Reuil, France) (hexane, petroleum ether, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), Lab-Scan (Dublin, Ireland) (chloroform), Panreac (Barcelona, Spain) (sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) anhydrous), Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK) (methanol high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade, hydrochloric acid 37% (HCl)), Glentham Life Sciences (Corsham, UK) (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•)), Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA) (trolox) and Lachner (Neratovice, Czechia) (sodium hydroxide micropearls (NaOH)), the fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) reference standard mixture 37 (standard 47885) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sesame oil and linseed oil were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA, tested quality according to Ph. Eur.), while the olive oil (variety Kalamon) was obtained from a Greek producer (Sparti, Peloponnese, Greece).

Varvouni E.F., Graikou K., Gortzi O., Cheilari A., Aligiannis N, & Chinou I. (2021). Chemical and Biological Evaluation of the Oil and Seedcake from Seeds of a Greek Cardoon Cultivar as Potential Functional Vegetable Oil. Comparison with Sesame, Flaxseed and Extra Virgin Olive Oils. Foods, 10(11), 2665.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Graphite-Based Materials

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Graphite powder (99.99%), potassium permanganate (99.22%) (Lach-ner, Neratovice, Czechia), sulphuric acid (95–97%) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), hydrochloric acid (36.5–38%) (Silal Trading, Bucharest, Romania), phosphorus pentoxide (≥98%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), potassium peroxodisulfate (≥98%) (Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (35%) (Silal Trading), gallic acid (≥98%) (Merck), caffeic acid (≥98%) (Sigma-Aldrich), limonene (≥95%), cembra pine and nutmeg essential oils by Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany and ethyl alcohol (96%) (Chimreactiv, Bucharest, Romania) were used in this paper.

Croitoru A., Oprea O., Nicoara A., Trusca R., Radu M., Neacsu I., Ficai D., Ficai A, & Andronescu E. (2019). Multifunctional Platforms Based on Graphene Oxide and Natural Products. Medicina, 55(6), 230.

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Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticle Hydrogels

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TiO₂ nanoparticles dispersion (Anatase, 15 wt %, 5–15 nm) was purchased from US Research Nanomaterials (Houston, TX, USA). Acrylamide (AAm, 99%), N,N-DimethylAcrylamide (DMAA, 99%), N,N-methylenebisAcrylamide (BIS, 99%), potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS, 99%), N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, 99%) and Copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate (Cu(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Atlanta, GA, USA). Reactive blue 4 (dye content 40 wt %) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Yu K., Wang D, & Wang Q. (2018). Tough and Self-Healable Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Repeatable Water Treatment. Polymers, 10(8), 880.

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