Blood samples were collected from the participants after an 8-h fast. Hematological analysis of the level of serum glycated albumin (GA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose AC (fasting blood glucose), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), connecting peptide (C-peptide), insulin antibodies (insulin Ab), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was conducted. The hemoglobin level was determined using an automatic analyzer (XN-9000, Sysmex, Japan). The serum GA and LDH levels were analyzed by enzymatic methods by an automatic analyzer (ADVIA Chemistry XPT, Siemens, Germany), and shaking should be avoided while drawing blood. Glucose AC level was analyzed using the hexokinase method, and HbA1c level was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography using automatic analyzers (ADVIA Chemistry XPT and Variant II Turbo 2.0 System, Bio-Rad, USA). C-peptide level was detected by the method of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay using an automatic analyzer (ADVIA Chemistry XPT, Siemens, Germany). Serum insulin Ab level was measured by immunoradiometric binding assay in an automatic analyzer (PerkinElmer Cisbio, USA). The thyroid function profile (including T3, FT4, and TSH) was measured by the radioimmunoassay technique using an automatic analyzer (Atellica IM 1300 analyzer, Siemens, Germany).
Atellica im 1300 analyzer
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Atellica IM 1300 analyzer is an in vitro diagnostic instrument designed for the quantitative determination of analytes in various sample types. It features automated sample handling, reagent management, and assay processing capabilities to deliver reliable and efficient diagnostic testing results.
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3 protocols using atellica im 1300 analyzer
1
Comprehensive Metabolic Biomarker Analysis
2
Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Assessment
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FIB-4 and NFS were calculated according to the literature (Table S1). The ELF test consists of hyaluronic acid, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and the N-terminal propeptide of collagen type III and was analysed using thawed biobank serum in January 2021 according to the manufacturer s instructions on an Atellica IM 1300 analyzer (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; supplementary CTAT table). Experienced operators performed TE and measured controlled attenuation parameter (FibroScan 502 touch, Echosens, France) according to standard operating procedures. 8 The operators were blinded to the blood sample results, including ELF, FIB-4, and NFS, but not to clinical characteristics. We considered TE > -8 kPa as screening positive as this cut-off is the current recommendation for referral to specialist care. 8 For the blood-based fibrosis markers, we used the corresponding cut-off values based on current guidelines: ELF > -9.8, FIB-4 > -1.3, and NFS > --1.45. 8 For subgroup analyses of FIB-4 and NFS in participants aged > -65 years, we used the age-adjusted cut-offs: FIB-4 > -2.0 and NFS > -0.12. 16
3
SARS-CoV-2 Serological Antibody Detection
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The presence of SARS-Cov-2 serological markers was determined using the chemiluminescence methodology with a cridine ester (COV2T assay, Siemens Healthineers nr. 11206711, Munich, Germany). The COV2T test is an automated 1-step antigen chemiluminescent sandwich immunoassay for total antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COV2T assay is designed as a qualitative assay and detects the presence of total antibodies against SARS-Cov-2, not differentiating between IgM and IgG. The performance of this assay was assessed on a Atellica IM1300 analyzer (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany).
For the method comparison, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA was used. The sensitivity of the COV2T assay increased gradually with disease progression, reaching 100% (95%CI, 89.7-100.0%) 14 days after PCR positivity. After validation by testing serum samples from patients with current or previous diagnosis of COVID-19, this method demonstrated greater sensitivity and clinical specificity when compared to tests that detect IgM and IgG alone, with 99.8% specificity and 100% sensitivity (23, 24) , after 14 days of positivity with RT-PCR.
For the method comparison, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA was used. The sensitivity of the COV2T assay increased gradually with disease progression, reaching 100% (95%CI, 89.7-100.0%) 14 days after PCR positivity. After validation by testing serum samples from patients with current or previous diagnosis of COVID-19, this method demonstrated greater sensitivity and clinical specificity when compared to tests that detect IgM and IgG alone, with 99.8% specificity and 100% sensitivity (23, 24) , after 14 days of positivity with RT-PCR.
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