Uv 1800 pc uv vis spectrophotometer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were recorded on JEOL JEM-1011 and JEOL JSM-2100, respectively. The CDs were drop-cast onto 400-mesh carbon-coated Cu grids followed by drying in open air at room temperature. The fluorescence spectra of the CDs were recorded on a FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba Scientific, Japan). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was performed by using a D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer (Bruker) with Cu Kα radiation. Raman spectra were acquired on a Lab RAM Aramis spectrometer (Horiba Scientific, Japan). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were measured on Vector-22 spectrometer (Bruker) ranging from 500 to 4000 cm⁻¹, and the samples were dispersed in KBr pellets. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption of the CDs solution was obtained using an UV-1800(PC) UV-vis spectrophotometer (Mapada). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed on a PHI 5000 VersaProbe spectrometer (UlVAC-PHI, Japan). The fluorescence confocal images were obtained using a Leica TCS SP5 confocal scanning microscope (Leica Microsystems, Heidelberg GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The specimens were excited at 488 nm, and the emission was detected from 500 to 530 nm.