(molecular weight 80,000), methanol (≥99.8% (GC) purity), DPPH,
and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (Folin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
Co. (USA). FA of 98/100% purity was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific
(USA). As for gallic acid, it was purchased from Merck Millipore Co.
(Germany), while the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased
from Lonza, Belgium, and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from SERVA Electrophoresis
GmbH (Germany). Sodium Carbonate was obtained from El-Nasr pharmaceutical
chemicals (Egypt) and Alizarin Red S Monohydrate was purchased from
MP Biomedicals, LLC (USA). The osteogenic media was prepared from
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 4.5 g/L glucose
and with
serum was obtained from HiMedia (Brazil), and the antib-anti (100×)
penicillin/streptomycin/amphotericin (antibiotic-antimycotic) was
obtained from Gibco Life Technologies Co., (USA). Finally, the β-glycerophosphate
disodium salt hydrate and dexamethasone (9α-fluoro-16α-methylprednisolone)
were obtained from AppliChem GmbH (Germany) with
acid Na salt from SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH (Germany).