Microbiological media (tryptone soy broth; TSB, and tryptone soy agar; TSA) were purchased from Hi-Media, India. Peptone and sodium chloride were purchased from Oxoid, UK. Hydrochloric acid, ethyl acetate, and sulfuric acid were purchased from Honeywell™, Charlotte, NC, USA. l -rhamnose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany. Orcinol was obtained from SDFCL, Chennai, India. Carbopol gel, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, and absolute ethyl alcohol were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
Two hospital-acquired human pathogenic bacteria—Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus—were collected from a clinical setting in Cairo, Egypt. They were identified as multidrug-resistant bacteria.
The adult human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cell line (PCS-201-012, HDFa) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). EMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), penicillin, and streptomycin were supplied by Thermo Fisher (Hessen, Germany). MTT reagent was supplied by Thermo Fisher, Germany. All other materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as supplied.
Two hospital-acquired human pathogenic bacteria—Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus—were collected from a clinical setting in Cairo, Egypt. They were identified as multidrug-resistant bacteria.
The adult human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cell line (PCS-201-012, HDFa) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). EMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), penicillin, and streptomycin were supplied by Thermo Fisher (Hessen, Germany). MTT reagent was supplied by Thermo Fisher, Germany. All other materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as supplied.