N n dimethylformamide dmf dimethyl sulfoxide dmso

All materials were used as received without further purification. Methylammonium bromide (MABr) (GreatCell Solar Materials), formamidinium iodide (FAI) (GreatCell Solar Materials), cesium iodide (CsI) (Sigma-Aldrich), lead (II) bromide (PbBr₂) (TCI) and lead (II) iodide (PbI₂) (TCI) powders were used to make perovskite precursors. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C₄mim]⁺[C₀SO₄]⁻), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([C₄mim]⁺[C₁SO₄]⁻), and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate ([C₄mim]⁺[C₈SO₄]⁻) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. C₆₀ (99.5%) and bathocuproine (BCP) (99%) were purchased from Taiwan Lumtec Corp. The anhydrous solvents N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and chlorobenzene (CB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The NiO_x nanoparticles and pre-patterned ITO glass were purchased from Advanced Election Technology Co., Ltd. The mask used for depositing metal electrodes was custom-made by Shenzhen Rigorous Technology Co., Ltd.

3-hydroxypyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide [DMF], dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,6-diaminohexane dihydrochloride and putrescine (tetramethylene diamine) (Sigma Chemical Company St. Louise USA); potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) (K₂[PtCl₄]), restriction enzyme (BamH1), 10X digestion buffer and Polaroid black-and-white print film type 667, trypsin, hepes, dulbecco^,s phosphate buffered saline (PBS) powder, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-diphenyl tetrazoliume bromide (MTT) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Aldrich Pty Ltd NSW, Australia); dihydrochloride, sodium hydroxide, silver nitrate (AgNO₃), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium iodide (KI) ethanol, methanol, acetone, diethyl ether and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Alax chemicals Auburn NSW Australia); concentrated ammonia solution, triethyl amine, dichloromethane and 28% ammonia solution (Asia Pacific Speciality Chemicals Ltd Auckland New Zealand); agarose and pBR322 plasmid DNA (ICN Biomedicals Ohio USA); trizma-HCl, trizma base disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, boric acid, acetic acid and ethidium bromide (Sigma USA); fetal calf serum, 5X RPMI 1640, 200 mM L-glutamine and 5.6% sodium bicarbonate (Trace Bioscience Pty Ltd Australia); commercially available JETQUICK Blood DNA Spin Kit/50 (Astral Scientific Australia).

SnI₂ (99.999% purity) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. N, N-dimethylform-amide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and SnF₂ (99% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methylammonium iodide (MAI) was purchased from Dyesol. Chlorobenzene was purchased from Thermo Fisher. PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution (Al 4083) was purchased from Heraeus Clevios. PbI₂ was purchased from TCL.