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12 protocols using anti cd16 fitc

1

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Panel

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Human cells were stained in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.5% human AB serum and 2 mM EDTA with APC anti-CD1a (BioLegend, clone HI149, dilution 1:300), FITC anti-CD16 (BioLegend, clone 3G8, dilution 1:200), PE-Cy7 anti-CD163 (BioLegend, clone GHI/61, dilution 1:100), PE anti-CD1b (eBioscience, clone eBioSN13, dilution 1:100). DAPI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 100 ng ml−1) was added immediately before acquisition on a FacsVerse instrument (BD Biosciences) or MACSQuant (Miltenyi) instrument. Data were analyzed using FlowJo (v.10).
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2

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry of Whole Blood

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Whole blood was incubated with 25% normal mouse serum (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 015–000‐120) to block non‐specific sites. After 5–10 min, primary antibody was added at 1:25 dilution: FITC anti‐CD16 (Biolegend, 302006), PE anti‐CD14 (Tonbo, 50‐0149‐T100), PerCPCy5.5 anti‐CD3 (Biolegend, 300328), APC anti‐HLADR (Biolegend, 307610), and AlexaFluor700 anti‐CD66b (Biolegend, 305114). Samples were incubated at room temperature for 20 min protected from light and then incubated with 1 mL of VersaLyse (Beckman Coulter, A09777) at room temperature for 20 min to remove red blood cells. Tubes were centrifuged at 400g for 3 min at room temperature, supernatant was aspirated, and cells were resuspended in 1 mL of room temperature PBS containing 1% BSA (SeraCare, 1900‐0016). Tubes were centrifuged again at 400g for 3 min, supernatant was aspirated, and cells were resuspended in 300 μL of ice‐cold freshly prepared 0.2% paraformaldehyde (Sigma, 158127) prepared in PBS.
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3

Multiparametric Immune Cell Profiling

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ELISA: The cell supernatant of feeder cells or cytotoxicity assay was collected to measure the levels of IFN-γ or Neo-2/15(Flag-tag) using their respective kits according to standard practice (R&D #DIF50C for IFN-γ, Abcam#ab125243 for Neo-2/15).
Flow cytometry: Flow cytometry was performed using the BD FACSAria system. Cells were incubated with indicated antibodies for 30 min at 4°C avoiding light. Cells were washed with DPBS and resuspended in FACS buffer before being subjected to FACS assay. Data were analyzed using FlowJo (version 10). The antibodies were from BioLegend and listed as follows: anti-CD107a-APC (328620), anti-OX40L-PE (326308), anti-CD56-PE (355504), anti-CD56-AlexaFluor488 (362518), anti-CD16-FITC (302006), anti-CD94-PE/Cy7 (305516), anti-NKG2A-APC (375108), anti-NKG2C-PE (375004), anti-NKG2D-FITC (320820), anti-KIR2DL2/L3-Percp/Cy5.5(312614), anti-KIR2DL1/S1/S3/S5-FITC (339504), anti-KIR3DL-BrilliantViolet421(312714), anti-NKp30-BrilliantViolet785 (325230), anti-NKp44-PE/Cy7 (325116), anti-NKp46-BrilliantViolet605 (137619).
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4

Isolation and Characterization of PBMCs

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Heparinized blood was loaded on LymphoprepTM (StemCells Technologies) gradient and PBMCs were purified. Synovial fluids from DRA patients were filtered through 70 µm PET strainers (Greiner bio-one) and then loaded on a LymphoprepTM gradient. PBMCs and synovial fluid cells were stained with anti-CD56-Phycoerythrin, anti-CD16-FITC and anti-CD3-Allophycocyanin (all from Biolegend) to distinguish between subpopulations.
The blood and SF PBLs samples used in the experiments were kept frozen in −80 °C.
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5

Monocyte Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry

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Isolation of white blood cells was performed by centrifuging blood samples previously collected in tubes containing EDTA (Vacutainer™, BD Diagnostics, NJ, USA) at 1800 g for 10 min. Then, white blood cells were placed in 1.6 mL pyrogen-free Eppendorf tubes containing 1 mL ACK Lysing Buffer (Life Technologies, USA) and incubated at 4°C for 5 min. Afterward, cell suspension was centrifuged at 1800 g/4°C for 10 min and cell pellets washed twice with PBS 1x (Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico). After an additional centrifugation step and removal of the supernatant, cell pellets were resuspended in 50 μL PBS 1x (Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico). Immediately after, 3 μL Human TruStrain Reagent (BioLegend Inc., USA) was added to 2 × 105 white blood cells and then incubated for 10 min at 4°C. Then, each cell suspension was incubated with anti-CD14 PE/Cy7, anti-CD16 FITC, anti-CD11c APC, and anti-CD206 PE (BioLegend Inc., USA) for 30 min at 4°C. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on a FACSCanto II flow cytometer by using the BD FACSDiva™ software 6.0 (BD Biosciences, Mexico), acquiring 1 × 105 monocyte events per test in duplicate.
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6

NK Cell-Mediated CD4 T Cell Cytotoxicity

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Uninfected CD4 T cells were isolated as above and treated or not with HDACi at the indicated doses. Meanwhile NK cells were isolated as above. NK and CD4 T cells were cultured at a 1:1, 1:0.2, or 1:0.01 ratio for 5 hours at 37°C in the presence of an anti-CD107a PE-Cy7 antibody (Biolegend). Experiments using K562 cells were performed at a 1:1 ratio for 5 hours as with CD4 T cells. For both CD4 T and K562 experiments, cells were then washed and stained with a panel of: LIVE/DEAD fixable near-IR dead cell stain kit (Life Technologies), anti-CD3 eflour450 (eBioscience), anti-CD56 APC (Miltenyi), anti-CD16 FITC (Biolegend), anti-CD14 APC-Cy7 (Biolegend), anti-CD19 APC Cy7 (Biolegend). NK cells were gated on APC Cy7 negative cells (live, CD14-, CD19-), CD3 negative, CD56 positive cells.
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7

Phenotypic Analysis of Rested and Activated PBMC

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Using a 7-color flow cytometry assay, 1×106 fresh, frozen/not rested and frozen/rested overnight PBMC were analyzed for phenotype and the activation marker, CD69. To determine viability, PBMC were washed twice with PBS, resuspended and incubated in 1μL of Aqua amine-reactive viability dye (Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, OR) for 20 min at RT in the dark, washed and incubated with 10μL of Fc block (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Auburn, CA) for another 20 min at RT in the dark. The cells were washed with FACS buffer (0.2% BSA+0.1% NaN3 in PBS) and incubated for 20 min in the dark at 4°C with anti-CD3-eFluor 450, anti-CD19-APCeFluor 780 (both from eBioscience), anti-CD56-PE/Cy7, anti-CD14-APC, anti-CD16-FITC and anti-CD69-PE/Cy5 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA). After incubation, cells were washed in FACS buffer and fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde. Duplicate sets of PBMC: fresh, frozen/thawed and frozen/thawed/rested overnight, were incubated overnight with or without IL-2 and were stained with identical cocktails or in the absence of anti-CD69 (supplemental Figure 1) for fluorescence minus one (FMO) control (Supplemental Figure 1). Samples were analyzed using an LSRII flow cytometer and FlowJo software (TreeStar Inc., Ashland, OR). Dead cells were excluded from analysis by gating on Aqua amine-reactive viability dye negative cells.
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8

Flow Cytometry Antibody Staining Protocol

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The following antibodies were used for flow cytometry: anti‐CD14‐PE (Biolegend, Koblenz, Germany, #367103), anti‐CD16‐FITC (Biolegend, #302005), anti‐EpCAM (clone Ho3; a kind gift of Dr. H. Lindhofer, Munich, Germany). Cells were stained with antibodies diluted in PBS/2% FCS for 15 min and, where applicable, with an appropriate fluorochrome‐labeled secondary antibody for another 15 min. Flow cytometry was performed with a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson) and analyzed with FlowJo (Tree Star Inc., Ashland, US).
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9

Flow Cytometric Analysis of IL-12 in PBMCs

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2.5 × 105 PBMCs were seeded in 96-well plates with RPMI 1640 (Gibco Cat # 11875119) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% PS (Sigma Aldrich) and incubated with monensin (Golgistop; BD Biosciences Cat # 554715) for 5 h. After that, PBMCs were stained with anti-CD11b APC/Cy7 (BioLegend Cat # 10,225, RRID: AB_830641) anti-CD14-PerCP (BioLegend Cat # 325631, RRID: AB_2563327), anti-CD16-FITC (BioLegend Cat # 302005, RRID: AB_314205). Live cells were distinguished using Fixable Viability Dye eFluor™ 450 (eBioscience Cat # 65-0863-14). After staining of surface markers, cells were fixed and made permeable according to the manufacturer's instructions BD Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit (BD Bioscience Cat # 554715). Then, the cells were stained with anti-human IL-12-biotin (ThermoFisher Cat # AHC7129, RRID: AB_2536290) plus PE-conjugated Streptavidin (BioLegend Cat #405203), and acquired using a FACS Canto I (Becton Dickinson). All analysis was carried out with FlowJo software (Tree Star).
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10

Autologous NK Cell Activation Assay

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NK cells were isolated from cryopreserved PBMCs of autologous donors or individuals matched for HLA-Bw4/Bw6 and C1/C2 motifs to organoid donor, and stimulated as described above. WT and HLA-DPB1 KO organoids were expanded, stimulated with IFN-γ (200 U/mL, 72 hours) and dissociated to single cells. Prestimulated NK cells were resuspended in RPMI-1640/10% FBS at final concentration of 2×105 cells/mL. Cholangiocyte organoids and NK cells were distributed to the respective conditions at a E:T ratio of 1:10 and anti-CD107a-BV785 (BioLegend) was added. Plate-bound anti-NKp44 and PBS only served as positive and negative controls. Cells were incubated for 5 hours at 37°C/5% CO2, and subsequently stained with anti-CD3-BV510, anti-CD56-BV605, anti-CD16-FITC, anti-NKp44-AF647, anti-CD69-BV421 (all BioLegend) and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Near-IR Dead Cell Stain (Invitrogen). Cells were washed, fixed in 4% PFA and analysed at a BD LSRFortessa.
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