CT scans were performed with a 16-channel spiral CT scanner (Somatom Emotion, Siemens Healthcare, Munich, Germany). After induction of general anesthesia with an intramuscular injection of ketamine (5 mg/kg), the animal was placed in a prone position, the gantry was aligned with the orbitomeatal line, and the scan was performed with slice thickness of 0.6 mm. After the scan, images were reconstructed into multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) views that visualizes the brain in axial, sagittal, and coronal slices via built-in software. The raw images were exported into the Dicom viewer (RadiAnt DICOM Viewer, Medixant, Poznan, Poland) for further analysis.
Somatom emotion
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Somatom Emotion is a computed tomography (CT) scanner produced by Siemens. It is designed to capture high-quality images of the human body for diagnostic purposes. The Somatom Emotion utilizes advanced imaging technology to provide detailed visualizations of internal structures and organs.
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78 protocols using somatom emotion
1
Protocol for Brain Imaging via Spiral CT Scans
2
Postmortem Vascular Imaging via CTA
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Postmortem contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans (16-detector row computed tomography Somatom Emotion, Siemens AG, Hanau, Germany) of 105 (28.6% female, age 50.8 ± ± 18.7) human bodies imaged between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Scanning parameters were 130 kVp, 50 mAs, and 240 mAs, reconstructed slice thickness of 0.75 mm, collimation 16 × 0.6 mm. The oily liquid contrast agent: 6% Angiofil (Fumedica, Muri, Switzerland) kerosene oil solution via unilateral or bilateral access to the femoral vessels according to the procedure used by the Technical Working Group Postmortem Angiography Methods [4] (link). Results were obtained using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer three-dimensional reconstruction software (Medixant. RadiAnt DICOM Viewer [Software]. Version 2022.1. Feb 10, 2022. URL: https://www.radiantviewer.com).
Reconstructions for the present work were based on arterial phase acquisition results. Three-dimensional volume rendering reconstructions were performed and evaluated. The quality of imaging for research purposes was graded: Images were classified as high quality if all coeliac main branches with their branches were fully visible, medium quality if one coeliac branch was not fully visible, and low quality if one of the coeliac main branches was not visible or more than two coeliac branches were not visible.
Reconstructions for the present work were based on arterial phase acquisition results. Three-dimensional volume rendering reconstructions were performed and evaluated. The quality of imaging for research purposes was graded: Images were classified as high quality if all coeliac main branches with their branches were fully visible, medium quality if one coeliac branch was not fully visible, and low quality if one of the coeliac main branches was not visible or more than two coeliac branches were not visible.
3
Non-contrast CT Protocol for Dosimetry
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Non-contrast-enhanced CT was performed with a transverse section of 5 mm thickness with a pitch factor of 1.5 on a single-row spiral CT scanner (Somatom Emotion, Siemens AG, Munich, Germany), according to routine clinical protocol at our institution. Because we intended to compare the routine “standard of care” CT protocol with the HR-CEMRI, we did not match slice thickness; postimplantation dosimetric studies were routinely performed with 5 mm CT images.
4
Chest CT Imaging Standardized Protocol
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All CT scans were performed using a Siemens SOMATOM Emotion 6-slice CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Germany). The Chest protocols entailed 130 kVp, effective mAs was 27, pitch 1.4, and 4 mm slice thickness.
5
Multimodal Imaging Protocol for Orbital Assessment
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CT scanning using a 16-row spiral CT machine (Siemens, SomAToM Emotion, Germany). The scanning parameters were as follows: plain scan slice thickness, 2.0 mm; slice increment, 2.0 mm; and reconstruction slice thickness, 0.75 mm. CT scans of four patients were performed on a 64-slice CT machine (GE Revolution EVO, United States). The detector width was 20.0 mm, and the slice thickness, pitch, and reconstruction slice thickness were 2.5 mm, 0.969 mm, and 0.75 mm, respectively. Sagittal and coronal reconstructions were performed.
MRI scans of all patients were performed using a 3.0 magnetic resonance scanner (GE, Signa HDxt, United States) and a skull 8-channel phased array coil. Plain orbital MRI scan sequences included T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) axial repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE; TR/TE: 400 ms/10 ms), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)/fat saturation (FS) axial (TR/TE: 2800 ms/70 ms), T2WI/FS oblique sagittal (TR/TE: 1500 ms/70 ms) and T2WI/Short TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) coronal (TR/TE: 6600 ms/40 ms). The orbital MR enhancement sequence included the T1WI/FS axial position, oblique sagittal position (TR/TE: 500 ms/10 ms) and coronal position (TR/TE: 450 ms/10 ms). The slice thickness was 2 mm, and the slice increment was 1 mm. Meglumine gadopentetate (Grant No. j20171008, Bayer), a contrast agent, was rapidly injected at a dosage of 0.2 mL/kg.
MRI scans of all patients were performed using a 3.0 magnetic resonance scanner (GE, Signa HDxt, United States) and a skull 8-channel phased array coil. Plain orbital MRI scan sequences included T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) axial repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE; TR/TE: 400 ms/10 ms), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)/fat saturation (FS) axial (TR/TE: 2800 ms/70 ms), T2WI/FS oblique sagittal (TR/TE: 1500 ms/70 ms) and T2WI/Short TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) coronal (TR/TE: 6600 ms/40 ms). The orbital MR enhancement sequence included the T1WI/FS axial position, oblique sagittal position (TR/TE: 500 ms/10 ms) and coronal position (TR/TE: 450 ms/10 ms). The slice thickness was 2 mm, and the slice increment was 1 mm. Meglumine gadopentetate (Grant No. j20171008, Bayer), a contrast agent, was rapidly injected at a dosage of 0.2 mL/kg.
6
CT Imaging for CRC Evaluation
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Computed tomography (CT) examinations were performed with a multi‐detector CT scanner (Somatom Emotion or Somatom Flash, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) as part of standard CT protocols for CRC patients. CT scans were analyzed by the respective on‐call radiologist and reviewed by a consultant radiologist. Imaging studies were reviewed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (recist ), version 1.1 [29 (link)], and a clinical significant response was defined as a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD).
7
Canine CT Imaging Under Anesthesia
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The computed tomographic examinations were performed under general anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane by use of mechanical ventilation. All CT examinations were carried out using a 16-detector-row CT system (either SOMATOM Emotion, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen Germany, or Diamond Select Brilliance, Philips Health Systems, Best, Netherlands). The CT scans were performed in sternal recumbency using a breath-hold technique was performed in 201 out of 213 dogs. For the breath-hold technique apnea was induced by manual hyperventilation and a positive pressure of 10 to 20 mm/Hg was maintained. Contrast medium (AccupaqueTM 300; GE Healthcare Buchler GmbH & Co. KG; Braunschweig; Germany; 300 mg J/ml) was injected intravenously via peripheral venous catheter at a dose of 2 ml/kg bodyweight, using a power injector (Medtron AG, Saarbrücken, Germany) at a maximum flow rate of 5 ml/sec, followed by a 5–10 ml saline flush at the same injection rate. In all cases, scans were delayed for 60 to 90 s after contrast medium administration in order to achieve a “late venous phase”. In 53 cases, arterial phase images were acquired using bolus tracking. Scanner setting was as follows: 1.5 mm slice thickness, a pitch of 0.8, tube rotation time 0.6 s, 130 kV, and 160 to 200 mA.
8
Spiral CT Scanning Protocol
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CT scans were performed using a 16-slice spiral CT scanner (SOMATOM Emotion, Siemens, Germany) according to the following parameters: kV: 120, mAs: 28, and slice thickness: 1.5 mm. CT images were assessed by three blinded investigators.
9
In vitro and in vivo X-ray Attenuation of I-doped CDs
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To study the X-ray attenuation in vitro, I-doped CDs with different concentration ranging from 0 to 0.2 mg/mL were diluted into 100 μL water and added to a 96-well culture plate. CT images of the samples were acquired on a clinical 64-slice multidetector CT scanner (SOMATOM Emotion, Siemens, Bavaria, Munich, Germany). These samples were imaged with the following parameters: tube voltage, 130 kV; current intensity, 180 mA; slice thickness, 5.0 mm; scan time, 2.85 seconds.
For CT imaging in vivo, we choose the Sprague Dawley rats as animal model. Animal experiments were approved and performed in accordance with the Animal Management Rules of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China and the guidelines for the Care and Use of the Jiangsu University Laboratory Animal Center. Before the intravenous injection, the samples solution was filtered through sterilized membrane filters (pore size 0.22 μm) and stored at 4°C for following experiments. The mice given intravenous injection of 1 mL I-doped CDs in PBS solution. The CT images of mice injected with I-doped CDs were acquired under the following parameters: tube voltage, 130 kV; current intensity, 25 mA.
For CT imaging in vivo, we choose the Sprague Dawley rats as animal model. Animal experiments were approved and performed in accordance with the Animal Management Rules of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China and the guidelines for the Care and Use of the Jiangsu University Laboratory Animal Center. Before the intravenous injection, the samples solution was filtered through sterilized membrane filters (pore size 0.22 μm) and stored at 4°C for following experiments. The mice given intravenous injection of 1 mL I-doped CDs in PBS solution. The CT images of mice injected with I-doped CDs were acquired under the following parameters: tube voltage, 130 kV; current intensity, 25 mA.
10
CT-Guided Lung Tumor Implantation in Rabbits
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Thirteen New Zealand white rabbits were fasted for 6 h before surgery. After general anesthesia, the skin at the site of puncture was prepared according to a routine protocol. The animals were immobilized in the prone position on a 16-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) scanner (Somatom Emotion, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). After positioning, disinfection, and draping, lung tissue was punctured using a 17-gauge needle (Gallini Srl, Mirandola, Italy) under CT guidance. The needle core was withdrawn, and 3-4 tissue blocks were retrieved using sterile forceps and inserted into the needle sheath. The needle core was used to gently push the tissue blocks into the lung parenchyma. The needle was then withdrawn, and a scan was performed again to determine the presence of postoperative pneumothorax or bleeding. CT of the lungs was performed on postoperative day 20 to observe tumor formation. One tumor-bearing rabbit was randomly selected for euthanization and pathological confirmation of successful implantation of the VX2 tumor in the lung.
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