Prisma 3t scanner

All functional MRI images were acquired at the NYU Center for Brain Imaging 3T Siemens Prisma Scanner. fMRI scans for experimental, model estimation, and retinotopic mapping were acquired using the CMRR MultiBand Accelerated EPI Pulse Sequences (Release R015a)^{98 (link)–100 (link)}. All functional and anatomical images were acquired with the Siemens 64 channel head/neck coil.

A 3 T Siemens PRISMA scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was used to acquire MRI data at the Department of Radiology in the Westmead Hospital, using a 64-channel head and neck array coil. Functional MRI data was acquired using echo-planar imaging (repetition time/echo time = 1500 ms/33.0 ms. field of view = 255 mm, isotropic voxel size = 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm³, phase encoding direction = A ≫ P, GRAPPA = 2, 60 slices at 2.5 mm thickness covering the whole brain). The MRI scan was comprised of the resting state scan which was first in the sequence and involved the participant focusing on a fixation cross for 8 minutes 12 sec, (only the resting state MRI scan is analysed and discussed in this article, further details of the full fMRI protocol can be found in a previous study by our research group [5 (link)]. Structural MRI data was acquired through a 3D high-resolution T1-weighted gradient echo sequence with repetition time/echo time = 2400 ms/2.21 ms; phase encoding direction = A ≫ P, GRAPPA = 2, inversion time = 900 ms, field of view = 256 mm, flip angle = 8°, 192 sagittal slices covering the whole brain with isotropic voxel size of 0.9 mm³ and an acquisition time of 6 minutes 23 sec. The T1-weighted scan was used as the standard reference image for normalisation in the pre-processing steps.

Neurophysiologic data was acquired by simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings. The EEG was recorded using a MR-compatible, high-resolution, 256-channel surface EEG system (Geodesic EEG System 410, Electrical Geodesics, Eugene, OR, United States) with a bandpass filter between 0.1 and 400 Hz and a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The fMRI was acquired on a Siemens 3T Prisma scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) using the following parameters: magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG) sequence (Assländer et al., 2013 (link)), TR = 100 ms, TE = 36 ms, flip angle 25°, 3D field of view 192 mm × 192 mm × 150 mm, and a spatial resolution of 3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm. The ECG and respiration data were recorded using the physiological monitoring unit of the MR scanner.

A surgical data base including patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy undergoing surgery was retrospectively analyzed over a 3-year period. Inclusion criteria were as follows:

Epilepsy-dedicated MRI on a Siemens 3 T Prisma scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) including a MP2RAGE sequence.

Resective surgery, such as anterior temporal lobectomy, amygdala-hippocampectomy and (extended) lesionectomy.

Post-processing using the Morphometric Analysis Program (MAP 18).

Other presurgical evaluations such as video-EEG, stereo electroencephalography (SEEG), and ¹⁸F FDG-PET were considered if available. Patients who had had prior surgery were excluded.

Data evaluation was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (ethics approval number: S-320/2012), Heidelberg, Germany, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. All patients had consented to the scientific use of their data with admission to our hospital. They received scans using a 20-channel head receive RF coil on a 3T Prisma Siemens scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), following a standardized tumor protocol at the department of neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital, including FLAIR image acquisition, diffusion-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, vessel architectural imaging during preload injection of intravenous gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem; Guerbet, France) and subsequent dynamic-susceptibility contrast imaging during contrast bolus injection, and pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo imaging, see also [13 (link), 14 (link)]. In total, 32 patients (11 women, 21 men; mean age ± standard deviation, 52.5±17.7) with low grade (14 patients) and high grade (18 patients) gliomas were included in this study, see Table 1. HGG patients with a time difference > 2.5 years between histopathologic diagnosis and MRI exam were excluded for the statistical analysis.

MRI data were acquired on a 3T PRISMA Siemens scanner. Anatomical high resolution T1-weighted structural images were acquired using a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence with a voxel size of 1 × 1 × 1 mm (TR / echo time (TE) / Inversion Time = 2530 / 3.34 / 1100 ms, flip angle = 7 degrees, matrix size = 256 × 256, 176 slices). Functional images were acquired using a gradient EPI sequence with 3 × 3 mm in-plane resolution (TR / TE = 3080 / 30 ms, flip angle = 90 degrees, field of view = 192 mm, matrix size = 64 × 64, slice thickness = 2.5 mm, inter-slice gap = 0.5 mm, 44 axial slices). 66 image volumes per session were acquired, including 5 dummy scans to allow for magnetisation to reach equilibrium. The TR was chosen to maximize whole brain coverage and to ensure that slice acquisition onset was offset with stimulus onset, which allowed for distributed sampling of slice acquisition across the study (Veltman et al., 2002 ). As inferior cerebellar regions might have been under-represented in previous fMRI studies, we ensured that data were acquired from the whole of the cerebellum.