Universal testing machine

Manufactured by Instron

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, India, Canada, Spain

A universal testing machine is a device used to measure the force required to break, stretch, or compress a sample of material. It applies tensile, compressive, or shear stress to the sample and measures the resulting deformation. The core function of a universal testing machine is to perform standardized material tests to determine the mechanical properties of a wide range of materials.

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Close spelling variants of this product

Testing machine (41 citations) 5565 Universal Testing Machine (11 citations) 3382 Universal Testing Machine (10 citations) Universal Testing Machine (Model 3345, (9 citations) Universal tensile testing machine (9 citations) Universal material testing machine (9 citations) 5567 Universal Testing Machine (8 citations) Universal Testing Machine (Model 3344; (7 citations) 5967 Universal Testing Machine (6 citations) Universal Testing 5566 Machine (5 citations)

262 protocols using universal testing machine

Shear Bond Strength of Composite

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The shear bond strength assessment was done using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The specimens were placed in the Instron Universal Testing Machine such that the chisel model (fixture) of the machine would lie perpendicular to the composite cylinders. Force was then applied over the composite cylinders at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until the cylinders got detached from the enamel surface.
The amount of load needed to detach the composite cylinders was noted and the bond strength was calculated using the formula: Bond strength = Force in kilogram needed to debond the composite cylinder × 9.8/total surface area.

Manoharan M., Shashibhushan K.K., Poornima P., Naik S.N., Patil D, & Shruthi A.S. (2016). Effect of newer antioxidants on the bond strength of composite on bleached enamel. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 34(4).

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Composite Debonding Measurement Procedure

Cited 1 time

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Debonding procedure was performed on Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until the composite block gets separated from the sample's surface.[11 (link)]

Gupta J., Taneja S, & Jain A. (2021). Effect of dental acid etchant-mediated photodynamic therapy on bacterial reduction and microshear bond strength of composite to dentin – An in vitro study. Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD, 24(2), 214-218.

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Avian Reproduction and Bone Strength

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Two birds, representative of average egg production in each replicate, and having laid eggs the previous day (to standardize status in the laying cycle), were individually weighed and 7 mL blood was sampled from the brachial vein into evacuated tubes containing EDTA-K₂ (1 mg/mL blood). Two milliliters of non-clotted blood were held to measure hematocrit and hemoglobin. The remainder (5 mL) was held on ice for <1 h and then centrifuged at 860 × g for 15 min at 4°C and plasma aliquots were kept at −80°C until analysis. The birds were electrically stunned and exsanguinated to obtain tissues. Ovarian and oviductal weights were weighed and recorded. Ovarian index (%) = 100 × ovarian weight/live weight, and oviductal index (%) = 100 × oviductal weight/live weight. Oviductal length was measured with a ruler. The number of dominant follicles with diameter greater than 8 mm was recorded. The tibia was dissected from the right leg and its breaking strength was determined in an Instron Universal Testing Machine with 50-kg-load cell at 50-kg-load range with a crosshead speed of 50 mm/min (Park et al., 2003 (link)).

Gou Z., Fan Q., Li L., Jiang Z., Lin X., Cui X., Wang Y., Zheng C, & Jiang S. (2020). Effects of dietary iron on reproductive performance of Chinese Yellow broiler breeder hens during the egg-laying period. Poultry Science, 99(8), 3921-3929.

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Push-out Bond Strength Measurement

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Push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (Instron). After the experimental periods, the samples were placed on the metal slab containing central hole to allow free motion of plunger with a 1 mm diameter, at a constant vertical pressure of speed 1 mm/min. The plunger tip was positioned to contact the tested material only. The maximum load applied to the filling material was recorded in Newton.

Parikh M., Kishan K.V, & Parikh M. (2020). Comparative evaluation of effect of chloroquick irrigating solution on push-out bond strength of endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate and endosequence root repair material when used as furcal perforation repair material: An in vitro study. Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD, 23(3), 259-264.

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Evaluating Adhesive Strength of Dental Samples

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The mounted samples were subjected to SBS test in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron Corporation, USA) using a knife edge blade running at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min (Figure 3). The results were recorded in megapascals (MPa).4 (link),6 ,7 (link),10 (link),12 (link)-14 (link) Following this, the specimens were observed under stereo microscope for adhesive and cohesive failure.
Shear strength of each sample is calculated using the formula:
Shear strength (MPa) = Break force/bonding surface area
The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Chi-square test has been used to find if there is any significant association between the failure and the groups (P = 0.347).

Murthy S.S, & Murthy G.S. (2015). Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Cements in Primary Teeth. Journal of International Oral Health : JIOH, 7(8), 103-107.

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Lap Shear Strength of Adhesive Compounds

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Example 10

The lap shear strength of the adhesives was obtained by performing standard lap shear tests using an Instron universal testing machine in tensile mode with a 1000 N load cell and a 25 mm/min applied strain rate. Samples (n=6) comprised of adhesive sandwiched between aluminum substrates with a 2×1 cm²contact area and incubated at room temperature overnight prior to testing. The results are provided in Table 4.

TABLE 4

Lap Shear Strength of Adhesives.

AdhesiveLap shear strength (kPa)

Compound 13091 ± 725

Compound 23423 ± 906

Compound 33175 ± 557

Compound 42359 ± 433

Compound 51743 ± 297

Compound 6 490 ± 192

Compound 7 6089 ± 1609

US11643574B2. Adhesive devices and uses thereof (2023-05-09). Cohesys Inc. [CA]. Inventors: Michael C. Floros [CA], Latchmi Raghunanan [CA], Alexander J. Lausch [CA], Janaina Freitas Bortolatto [CA], Bryan Donovan Quan [CA].

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Measuring Skin and Tissue Elasticity

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The Young’s modulus of skin and hADM samples were measured in an Instron Universal Testing Machine with 0.5 kN load cell. The calibrated length was 21.92 mm, and the tensile speed was 1 mm/min. The laboratory presented temperature conditions of 21.88 °C and relative humidity of 47.76% during the testing. The samples were randomly cut from skin or hADM in the form of 30 × 22 mm rectangular specimens with thicknesses of 0.39 mm. The slope of the elastic zone in the stress–strain graph determined Young’s modulus values. Data were obtained from three skin and hADM donors (n = 3). The statistical analysis was made using the software R.

Correa-Araujo L., Prieto-Abello L., Lara-Bertrand A., Medina-Solano M., Guerrero L., Camacho B, & Silva-Cote I. (2023). Bioengineered skin constructs based on mesenchymal stromal cells and acellular dermal matrix exposed to inflammatory microenvironment releasing growth factors involved in skin repair. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 14, 306.

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Thermocycling Impacts on Repaired PMMA

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Repaired PMMA samples were subjected to thermocycling process in water between 5 °C and 55 °C for 5000 (1100; SD Mechatronik) cycles, with the dwell time of 30 s. The flexural test was conducted using a universal testing machine (Instron Corporation, Norwood, MA, USA) at the crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The load was applied at the center of the repair site and the maximum load required to fracture the samples was recorded.

AlQahtani M, & Haralur S.B. (2020). Influence of Different Repair Acrylic Resin and Thermocycling on the Flexural Strength of Denture Base Resin. Medicina, 56(2), 50.

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Gluebond Shear Strength Testing of Rubberwood Veneer

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For gluebond shear strength, the cutting pattern for testing specimens is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1.

Cutting pattern of gluebond shear test specimen.

Testing specimens were tested according to the ASTM D 906 using an INSTRON Universal Testing Machine. The load was applied continuously throughout the test at a uniform rate of motion of the movable crosshead of the testing machine of 4 mm min⁻¹. The shear strength of each specimen was calculated from the following equation:

shear strength = \frac{F}{l \times b},

where F is the failing force of the specimen, in Newtons; l is the length of the shear area, in mm; and b is the width of the shear area, in mm.
The glue penetration of the rubberwood veneer was examined using an Olympus SZX12 stereo microscope to evaluate the interaction between the adhesive and rubberwood veneers. Specimens were taken at the cross section of each LVL panel. The LVL specimens of size 10 mm wide × 10 mm long were cut for assessment. The specimen was examined under microscope at 75× magnification.

Khoo P.S., Chin K.L., H'ng P.S., Bakar E.S., Lee C.L., Go W.Z, & Dahali R. (2019). Physical properties and bonding quality of laminated veneer lumber produced with veneers peeled from small-diameter rubberwood logs. Royal Society Open Science, 6(12), 191763.

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Characterization of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

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A PSA thin film with a thickness about 100 µm was first prepared by coating the latex dispersion onto a PET thin film using a micrometer adjustable film applicator followed by drying in oven at 60°C for 2h. The peel strength was also measured using a universal testing machine (Instron). For peel strength tests, 25 mm-wide strips were cut and attached to a stainless steel substrate with the help of coated rolls. The average force (N) required to peel the strip from the substrate at an angle of 180° was recorded at a peel rate of 300 mm.min -1 at 25 °C. Rheological properties were investigated by a controlled stress rheometer (Pro+ Kinexus from Malvern) using a plate-plate configuration (10 mm in diameter and a gap of 500 µm) at 25°C. Firstly, an amplitude sweep in the deformation range of 0.1-100%, at frequencies was carried out at a frequency of 1 Hz to define the linear viscoelastic region (LVE) of acrylic PSA. Then, frequency sweep from 0.01 to 10 Hz was performed at a strain of 1% within the linear domain where the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") were recorded.

Ben Ayed E., Magnin A., Putaux J.L, & Boufi S. (2020). Vinyltriethoxysilane-functionalized starch nanocrystals as Pickering stabilizer in emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers. Application in nanocomposites and pressure-sensitive adhesives. Journal of colloid and interface science, 578.

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