Folin ciocalteu s phenol reagent

Ascorbic acid, sodium hydroxide, nutrient agar, trypsin soy broth, Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, bile extract, and a red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer were purchased from Hi-Media (Mumbai, India). Pepsin and lipase from porcine, porcine pancreatin, fucoxanthin (≥95%, HPLC), phloroglucinol (≥99%, HPLC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin, gallic acid, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), acetone, methanol acetonitrile, antibiotic-antimycotic solution, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). Ferulic acid (≥98%) and vanillin (≥99.4%) were purchased from SRL & Molychem (Mumbai, India), respectively. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) via Gibco were procured from Thermo Fischer (New Delhi, India). The methanol (Avantor, Mumbai, India) was LC-MS grade, while all other chemicals used were of an analytical grade.

Ethanol, mEthanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, n-hexane, gallic acid standard, rutin standard, ascorbic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite, sodium hydroxide, aluminium chloride, ferric chloride, and potassium persulfate were obtained from Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Bengaluru, India. All other analytical grade chemicals and reagents were obtained from Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. Distilled water was used for all experiments.