Kidney samples were obtained from autopsies of 4 severe COVID-19 patients with multi-organ failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI) that was examined and confirmed in a designated pathology laboratory.
Immunohistochemical staining was performed on kidney specimens from autopsy for thrombomodulin (TM), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as previously described [19 ]. Briefly, the sections were incubated with primary anti-TM (Cat: 14318-1-AP, 1:100, rabbit IgG; Proteintech Group, USA), anti-vWF (Cat: 11778-1-AP, 1:100, rabbit IgG; Proteintech Group, USA), or rabbit-isotype antibody (control) (1:100; Dako) at 4°C overnight, followed by the incubation with the HRP-anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies for 1h at room temperature. Peroxidase activity was visualized with the DAB Elite kit (K3465, DAKO). Positive staining as brown coloration was viewed by a light microscope.
Immunohistochemical staining was performed on kidney specimens from autopsy for thrombomodulin (TM), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as previously described [19 ]. Briefly, the sections were incubated with primary anti-TM (Cat: 14318-1-AP, 1:100, rabbit IgG; Proteintech Group, USA), anti-vWF (Cat: 11778-1-AP, 1:100, rabbit IgG; Proteintech Group, USA), or rabbit-isotype antibody (control) (1:100; Dako) at 4°C overnight, followed by the incubation with the HRP-anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies for 1h at room temperature. Peroxidase activity was visualized with the DAB Elite kit (K3465, DAKO). Positive staining as brown coloration was viewed by a light microscope.