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94 protocols using laminin

1

Cell-ECM Adhesion Signaling Assay

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Cells were kept in suspension or replated on ECM (10 μg/ml, laminin or fibronectin, BD Biosciences)-precoated dishes or coverglasses in the absence (in the case of fibronectin) or presence of low serum (2%, in the case of laminin) for 1 h before being analyzed for cell-ECM adhesion signaling by standard western blotting or for the formation of focal adhesions by indirect immunofluorescence, as described previously [27 (link)]. Function blocking antibodies against human integrin α6 (Millipore, 20 μg/ml) were preincubated with cells by rocking at 37°C for 1 h prior to replating. Pharmacological inhibitors were added to the culture media for 24 h or to replating media at the reseeding time.
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2

Postnatal Mouse Hippocampal Neuron Culture

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Hippocampal primary cultures were prepared from the brains of individual mice at postnatal day 0–3 as described previously (Futai et al., 2013 (link)). Cells were plated onto coverslips (Matsunami, Japan) coated with poly-D-lysine (80 μg/ml, BD) and laminin (2 μg/ml, BD) at a density of 200 cells/mm2 in Neurobasal medium supplemented with 2% B27 supplement (Invitrogen). For immunocytochemistry against synaptic proteins in PV+ cells, hippocampal cultures were fixed at days in vitro 14 (DIV14) with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. The methanol fixation approach, a standard procedure to stain molecules in postsynaptic densities (Kim et al., 2007 (link)), was not used in this study as this treatment dramatically reduced immunoreactivity against PV. Primary and secondary antibodies were applied in GDB buffer using the dilutions of antibodies described above. Primary neurons were incubated with primary and secondary antibodies for two and one hours at room temperature, respectively. The coverslips washed with PBS were mounted on slides with Vectashield (Vector Labs) mounting medium.
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3

Differentiation of Human ESCs to Hepatocytes

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Human ESCs were passaged with Accutase (Sigma) and plated at a density of 100,000 cells/cm2 in mTeSR with 10 μM Y27632 (Selleck) on Matrigel (BD), Laminin (BD), and collagen IV (BD) (3:1:1) mixed gel coated-plate (Corning). In the restriction of definitive endoderm (DEs) stage (S1), cells were cultured for 24 hrs in RPMI with B27 supplement (1:50, Gibco), 100 ng/ml Activin A (R&D) and 3 μM CHIR99021 (Selleck), and then treated with 100 ng/ml Activin A for 2 days. In the hepatic specification stage to get hepatic progenitor cells (S2), the culture medium was replaced with RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with B27 supplement (1:50), 20 ng/ml BMP4 and 10 ng/ml FGF2 for 5 days. And in the stage of hepatic maturation (S3), cells were cultured in Hepatocyte Culture Medium (HCM, Lonza) with 20 ng/ml HGF, 10 ng/ml OSM and 1 μM dexamethasone for 10–15 days. During stages 2 and 3, cells are fed every 48 hr. The final stage was also carried out with 10 μM SB203580 (Selleck), 50 μM Vitamin K2 (Sigma), 50 μM 2-APB (Tocris), or 0.5 μM Anisomycin (Selleck), and 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DSMO) was used as control, as described in the text. Cells were photographed during differentiation using a Nikon phase contrast microscope (Nikon Microscopes).
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4

Induction and Maintenance of EpiLCs from ESCs

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ESCs were cultured in N2B27 basal medium containing 3 μM CHIR99021 (Wako), 0.4 μM PD0325901 (Wako), and LIF in a dish coated with 0.01% poly-L-ornithine (Millipore) and 10 ng/mL laminin (BD Biosciences). Induction of EpiLCs was performed as described previously (Hayashi et al., 2011 (link)). EpiLCs were induced from ESCs in N2B27 basal medium containing 20 ng/mL activin A (Peprotech), 12 ng/mL bFGF (Invitrogen), and 0.1–1% KSR for 2 days on a dish coated with 16.7 μg/mL human plasma fibronectin (Millipore). Two days after EpiLC induction, the cells were collected and replated (0.5–1.0 × 105) with or without doxycycline in GK15 medium on a dish coated with 16.7 μg/mL human plasma fibronectin. For the colony formation assay for AP-positive cells, ESCs, EpiLCs, and EpiLCs induced with or without PRDM14 were dissociated by TrypLE Select (Invitrogen). Cells (1.0 × 104) were cultured under standard ESC culture conditions. After culture for 3 days, the cells were stained for AP activity. The aggregate culture of EpiLCs was performed as previously reported (Nakaki et al., 2013 (link)). In brief, after 36 hr of EpiLC induction the cells were collected, and 2,000 cells per well were transferred to a low-cell binding 96-well plate (NUNC). The cells were grown for 2 days in GK15 medium with or without 1.5 μg/mL doxycycline.
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5

Multi-Electrode Array Probe for Axon Elongation

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A planar multi-electrode array (MEA) probe with 32 contacts (312 μm2 surface area) distributed as tetrodes at the end of 8 individual shanks (NeuroNexus; Ann Arbor, MI) was rinsed 3 times with tissue culture-grade water (Lonza; Basel, Switzerland). The probe was then attached to the internal wall of a previously described axon elongation bioreactor chamber (Pfister et al., 2006 ) using a silicone adhesive (NuSil; Carpinteria, CA). The towing membrane of the bioreactor chamber was positioned adjacent to the tips of the probe shanks (Figure S1). Sterilization of the probe and chamber was achieved using overnight irradiation with ultraviolet light. The interface between the probe and the towing membrane was coated first with polyethyleneimine (0.005% w/v; Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO) overnight at room temperature and then a 100 μL bubble of laminin (5 μg/cm2; BD Biosciences; San Jose, CA) for 2–3 hours at 37°C.
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6

Culturing and Maintaining Primary Neuronal Cells

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Sodium Chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), calcium chloride (CaCl2), glucose, ATP disodium salt, HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), naloxone hydrochloride and EGTA (ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Potassium chloride (KCl) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) and collagenase type II was purchased from Worthington (Lakewood, NJ). Laminin and poly-D-lysine were purchased from BD bioscience (Franklin lanes, NJ); GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) was purchased from Neuromics (Edina, MN); FBS (fetal bovine serum) was purchased from Gemini Bio products (West Sacramento, CA); B-27, trypsin and neurobasal A media were purchased from Thermofisher (Waltham, MA). Morphine sulfate was obtained from National Institutes of Drug Abuse (Bethesda, MD).
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7

Embryonic Neuron Culture with Rotenone Treatment

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Embryonic day 14 (E14) mouse embryos were prepared from a C57BL/6N (Jackson laboratory) pregnant dam as described previously50 (link). The dissected and dissociated tissues were incubated on a 10-mm-diameter ACLAR-embedded file precoated with 50 μg/ml PDL and 4 μg/ml laminin (BD Bioscience, Bedford, MA) in 24-well plates. Culture medium was added the next day and days in vitro at DIV 3. Half of the medium was replaced with an N2-supplemented medium (50% DMEM and 50% Hams F-12) at DIV 5–7. At DIV7, cells were treated with rotenone (1μΜ) alone or in combination with IF1 (10 nM) in N2-supplemented medium (50% DMEM and 50% Hams F-12) for 24 h.
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8

Antibody Labeling and Calcium Imaging

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Secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technologies, Fluo-3 AM and Pluronic acid F127 from Invitrogen, United States. Laminin was acquired from BD. All other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade and obtained either from Merck or Sigma-Aldrich.
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9

Dissociated Cortical Neuron Culture Protocol

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Dissociated cortical neurons were prepared from embryonic day 17-18 (E17-18) rat cerebral cortex as described previously37 (link),51 (link),52 (link) and cultured in Neurobasal medium (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with B27 (Life Technologies), glutamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma). Neurons were plated on poly-D-lysine (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and laminin (BD Biosciences) coated glass coverslips (12 mm, #1.5; Cat#: 64-0712, Warner Instruments, Camden, CT) or in glass bottom 35mm dishes made with #1.5 German optic cover glass (cat#: GBD00004-200, Cell E&G LLC, Houston, TX). Neurons were plated at 150,000/well in 24-well plates or at 180,000 neurons per 18 mm glass coverslip of a single 35 mm dish for transfection experiments and were maintained in a humidified 37°C incubator with 5% CO2.
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10

Hair Cell Regeneration Assay

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The organ of Corti was plated on a glass coverslip coated in poly-L-ornithine (Sigma) and laminin (BD Biosciences), given 100 μl Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Invitrogen) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen) and 25 μg/ml ampicillin (Sigma), and cultured at 37°C with 5% CO2. One hour after dissection, cultures were treated with 50 μM gentamicin (Sigma) in DMEM with 10% FBS and ampicillin. The organ of Corti was cultured overnight (16 hr) and then placed in serum-free DMEM:F12 (Invitrogen) with 1% B27 supplement (Invitrogen), 25 μg/ml ampicillin, and either 5 μM dibenzazepine (deshydroxy LY411575; Santa Cruz) or 0.1% DMSO (Sigma) as a control. Undamaged controls were cultured under the same conditions without gentamicin or LY411575. LY411575 treatment continued for 72 hr. After 4 days in vitro, the cultures were fixed with 4% PFA (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and stained for MYO7A to identify hair cells and either DsRed or GFP to enhance the endogenous signal from the reporter.
To measure proliferation, cultures were treated with gentamicin as detailed above followed by 10 μM BrdU along with either LY411575 or 0.1% DMSO for 72 hr and then fixed, treated with 2 N HCl for 30 min at 37°C, and stained for BrdU.
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