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12 protocols using hvlp04700

1

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Proteins were extracted from freshly frozen tissues. Briefly, the tissues were homogenized and lysed with radio immunoprecipitation lysis buffer (Solarbio, R0010, Beijing, China), which has 100 mg/ml of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (ADOOQ, A11901, California, USA) and 1 mg/ml of Aprotinin (ADOOQ, A14263). The lysate was collected and centrifugated for liquid supernatant. A total of 50 μg protein samples were separated with 10% SDS-PAGE (Solarbio, P1040) and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride (Millipore, HVLP04700, Arklow, Ireland) membranes. Membranes were blocked at room temperature with 5% skim milk (ACMEC, AC11037, Shanghai, China) powder in TBS (Quartett, 402000192, Berlin, Germany) for 1 h. Membranes were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against the following proteins: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain familymember 4 (ACSL4) (1: 1000, ABclonal, A6826, Wuhan, China), transferrin receptor (TFRC) (1: 1000, ABclonal, A5865, Wuhan, China). Secondary antibodies (1: 1000, ABclonal, AS014, Wuhan, China) were incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and washed three times with PBST (PBS+0.1% Tween 20) (Biomed, PA202, Beijing, China). The protein bands were visualized by Molecular Imager Gel Doc XR System (Bio-Rad, Hertfordshire, UK) and quantified by densitometric analysis using an image analyzer (NIH Image J software, Bethesda, USA).
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2

Antioxidant and Digestibility Assays

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Methanol (HPLC grade) and formic acid (puriss. p.a. for mass spectroscopy) were obtained from J. T. Baker (State of Mexico, Mexico) and Fluka (Steinheim, Germany), respectively. Commercial standard of (+) catechin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and quercetin were purchased from Fluka (Dorset, U.K.). Filters (0.45 μm, HVLP04700) were obtained from Millipore (São Paulo, Brazil). ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-thylbenzothiazolne-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), DPPH (1,1,-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl- S-triazine), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2- carboxylic acid), Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, pepsin (P-7000, from porcine stomach mucosa), pancreatin (P-1750, from porcine pancreas) and bile extract (from porcine, B-8631) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buenos Aires, Argentina). SnakeSkin dialysis bags with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 kDa and a width of 22 mm were obtained from ThermoFisher SCIENTIFIC. All other reagents were of analytical grade.
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3

Catechin Crystal Synthesis and Purification

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30 mg (10 wt% of catechin) of polymer additives (i.e., polyethylenimine, hyaluronic acid, poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), and hydroxypropyl cellulose) were dissolved in DI water (9.3 mL) for 1 day at 40 °C to ensure the complete dissolution. Then, 0.3g of catechin was added into the obtained polymer solution and stirred until all the solids completely were dissolved. The mixture was cooled to 20 °C with a controlled cooling rate of 1 °C/min, and the solution was further kept for 24 h until light orange-colored crystals formed. The obtained crystal solution was filtered through a Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane (HVLP04700, pore size: 0.45 μm, Millipore) to collect catechin crystals. The crystals were gently washed 2 – 3 times with water to remove the unbound polymers. Then, the samples were dried under vacuum at room temperature for 24 h.
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4

Protein expression analysis of CD34+ cells

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Protein lysis (R0010; Solarbio) was added to CD34+ cells to isolate total protein, which was then separated using 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (P1200; Solarbio) and loaded onto a polyethylene difluoride membrane (HVLP04700; Millipore). Next, nonfat milk-blocked membranes was added with primary antibodies RAC1 (1:1000; 05-389; MilliporeSigma), CREB (1:1000; 9198; Cell Signaling Technology), p-CREB (1:1000; 9197; Cell Signaling Technology), PD-L1 (1:1000; ab205921) Abcam), Bcl-2 (1:1000; ab32124; Abcam), Bax (1:1000; ab32503; Abcam) and GAPDH (1:1000; ab8245; Abcam) overnight at 4°C, and supplemented with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1:2000, ab6721; Abcam) for 2 h. Following diaminobenzidine development, imaging was done under Gel Doc Xr (Bio-Rad).
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5

Analytical Procedures for Bioactive Compounds

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Ultra-pure water was obtained from Arium 61316-RO plus Arium 611 UV (Sartorius, Germany).
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-thylbenzothiazolne-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), TTPZ (2, 4, 5, 7, were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Switzerland). Methanol (HPLC grade) and formic acid (puriss. p.a. for MS) were provided by J. T. Baker (Edo. de Mexico, Mexico) and Fluka (Steinheim, Germany), respectively. Commercial standards of ferulic acid and caffeic acid were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), quinic acid, rosmarinic acid and quercetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Filters (0.45 µm, HVLP04700) were obtained from Millipore (São Paulo, Brazil). Pepsin (P-7000, from porcine stomach mucosa), pancreatin (P-1750, from porcine pancreas), and bile extract (B-6831, porcine) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Dialysis bags were SnakeSkin ® , 10 KDa cut off.
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6

In Vitro Polyphenol Digestion and Analysis

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Ultra-pure water (<18 MΩ cm < 5 μgL−1 TOC) was obtained from a purification system Arium 61316-RO plus Arium 611 UV (Sartorius, Germany). Methanol (HPLC grade) and formic acid (puriss. p. a. for mass spectroscopy) were provided by J. T. Baker (State of Mexico, Mexico) and Merck (California, USA), respectively. Commercial standards of polyphenolic compounds were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), and Fluka (Dorset, U.K.). Filters (0.45 μm, HVLP04700) were obtained from Millipore (São Paulo, Brazil). Porcine enzymes used in in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and all reagents used for redox markers in cell culture were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buenos Aires, Argentina). SnakeSkin dialysis bags with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 kDa and a width of 22 mm, and Hypersep SPE 500 mg/2.8 mL C18 cartridges were obtained from ThermoFisher SCIENTIFIC. Anaerobic atmosphere generation bags were purchased from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and fetal bovine serum from Natocor (Córdoba, Argentina). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
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7

Quantitative Protein Analysis in HeLa Cells

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Total protein concentration was extracted from HeLa cells using a RIPA lysate (89901, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Protein concentration was measured using a protein detection kit (A53227, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A volume of 30 μg protein for each cell was transferred to a PVDF membrane (HVLP04700, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) using the SDS-PAGE method. After the transfer was completed, the membrane was soaked from bottom to top with TBS, then placed in an incubation box containing a 5% skimmed milk powder solution (37°C, 1 h), incubated with shaking at room temperature on a decolorization shake flask for 2 hours, and then incubated with phosphorylated (p)-Akt (1: 1000; 56 KD; ab38449; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Akt (1: 500; 55 KD; ab8805), Bax (1: 1000; 21 KD; ab32503), Bcl-2 (1: 1000; 26 KD; ab59348), Wnt1 (1 μg/mL; 41 KD; ab85060), MMP-9 (1 μg/mL; 95 KD; ab73734), EGFR (1: 1000; 134 KD; ab52894), β-catenin (1: 1000; 92 KD; #9562; Cell signaling technology, Danvers, MA, USA), or β-actin (1: 1000; 45 KD; #4970) overnight at 4°C. The target band was incubated with a goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (1: 5000; ab205718; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 2 h. Finally, the signals were detected using SignalFir ECL reagent (#6883) and the gray value of the band was analyzed and calculated using ImageJ (version 5.0, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) [17 (link)].
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8

Protein Expression Analysis in Tissue Samples

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50 mg tissue samples were lysed with protein lysate (R0010; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and centrifuged with supernatant collected accordingly. The sampling wells (20 μg/well) were then added to the pre‐treated protein for protein isolation purposes on 10% SDS‐PAGE (P1200, Solarbio). Electrophoresis was initially performed at 8 V/cm, which was turned up to 15 V/cm once the protein had been transferred into the separation gel. The protein samples were subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (HVLP04700, Millipore), which were blocked with 5% skimmed milk for 2 hours, and incubated in a 4°C refrigerator overnight with diluted rabbit anti‐human HNF4A (1:1000, ab181604), AMPK (1:2000, ab32047), mTOR (1:2000, ab32028), LC3‐II (1:2000, ab192890), Beclin‐1 (1:2000, ab207612), Bcl‐2 (1:2000, ab32124), Bax (1:2000, ab32503), phosphorylated (p)‐AMPK (1:2000, ab68206), p‐mTOR (1:2000, ab84400), PCNA (1:2000, ab92552) and β‐actin (1:1000, ab8227) antibody, which were all purchased from Abcam Inc. The samples were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit IgG antibody (1:2000, ab6721, Abcam Inc) for 2 hours. DAB was applied for coloration purposes, while the Gel Doc XR imager system (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Inc CA) was employed for images analyses.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Pulmonary Proteins

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Pulmonary tissue was homogenized with lysis buffer, resolved on 10% SDS-PAGE using a Mini-Protean 3 Electrophoresis Cell (Bio-Rad) at 150 V, 100 mA for 1 h, and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore, HVLP04700). The membrane was washed and blocked with Tris-buffered saline (TBS) containing 0.1% Tween-20 and 10% nonfat dry milk before overnight incubation with appropriate primary antibodies (integrin β3 (SJ1909/NBP2-67416, Novus, USA), PKM2 (AF7244, R&D, USA), collagen-I α-1 (COL1A1, 72026S, CST, USA), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (CST, 19245), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) (3582, CST, USA) and β-actin (8457, CST, USA)) in blocking buffer at 4 °C. The secondary antibodies were then used with 1:6000 goat anti-mouse IgG-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) for PKM2, or 1:6000 goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP for integrin β3, COL1A1, α-SMA and β-actin, in blocking buffer for 1 hour at room temperature. The bands were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents, GE Healthcare, Baie d'Urfe, QC, Canada).
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10

HPLC Solvent Preparation Protocol

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HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile (CAN), water, ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Solvents were filtered through 0.45 µm membranes (Cat No. HVLP04700, Millipore) and degassed prior to use in HPLC.
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