The peroxisome PPAR-α agonist bezafibrate (Cayman Chemical, MI, USA), the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (Cayman Chemical, MI, USA), and/or the CPT1 inhibitor perhexiline maleate (Cayman Chemical, MI, USA) were cultured with Jurkat cell in vitro at the indicated concentrations41 (link), 42 (link). Catalase (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to inhibit ROS production at 1000 U/mL8 (link). perhexiline maleate was injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) to inducible liver-specific MYC oncogene transgenic mice (MYC-ON) at 8 mg/kg in 100 µL 50/50 solution of PBS/DMSO three times per week for a total of 5 weeks27 (link).
Bezafibrate
Manufactured by Cayman Chemical
Sourced in United States
Bezafibrate is a lipid-lowering agent that functions as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist. It is commonly used in research applications to study metabolic pathways and lipid regulation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fenofibrate, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions)
Perhexiline maleate, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Catalase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gw6471, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Troglitazone, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Pioglitazone, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Ciglitazone, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Diphenyleneiodonium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mcc950, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Tiron, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rosiglitazone, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Isoliquiritigenin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
15 deoxy δ12 14 prostaglandin j2 pgj2, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
N acetyl l cysteine nac, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Ro 48 8071, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Fty720 phosphate, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Carboxymethylcellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myriocin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Fumonisin b1, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Gw4869, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
5 protocols using bezafibrate
1
Modulation of Peroxisome PPAR-α Pathway
2
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists and Antioxidants
3
Compound Preparation for In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
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Amitryptiline (hydrochloride), FTY720, FTY720 phosphate, AMP-deoxynojirimicin, D609 (potassium salt), fumonisin B1, myriocin, Ro48-8071, TMP-153, GW4869 (hydrochloride hydrate), PDMP (hydrochloride), tomatidine hydrochloride (TH) were purchased from Cayman chemicals and bezafibrate, quinuclidine hydrochloride, 3-aminoquinuclidine dihydrochloride, and posaconazole (Posa) were from Sigma-Aldrich Switzerland. Fexinidazole (Fexi) was received from DNDi and benznidazole (Bz) was purchased from Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco (Brazil). For in vitro tests, stock solutions of each compound were prepared in DMSO, never exceeding 0.6% DMSO as final concentration, which does not induce cellular damages to mammalian cells and parasites. For in vivo, Bz, Posa, and TH were prepared for oral (p.o., 100 µl) administration in extemporaneous solutions. For in vivo drug vehicles, Bz was diluted in distilled water with 3% Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium), Posa and TH in aqueous solution of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium).
4
Formulation and Characterization of Bezafibrate Delivery Systems
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Bezafibrate was from Cayman Chemical Co. (Pittsfield Charter Township, MI, USA). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were bought from Shin-Etsu Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Na-CMC) and gelatin were purchased from Duksan Chemical Co. (Ansan, South Korea). Dextran, docusate sodium and hyaluronic acid were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30), solutol HS15, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407 and cremophor ELP were procured from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyethylene glycol 1540 were acquired from Duksan Chemical Co. (Ansan, South Korea). Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monolaurate 20 (Span 20) and sorbitan monooleate 80 (Span 80) were obtained from Daejung Chemical Co. (Siheung, South Korea). Polysorbate 60 (Tween 60) (Croda, Singapore) was purchased from Masung and Co. (South Korea). All other solvents and chemical substances were of reagent grade.
5
PPARα Ligands' Effects on Cell Proliferation
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We used 4 different PPARα ligands (fibrates): fenofibrate (Cayman, cat. no. 10005368), bezafibrate (Cayman, cat. no. 10009145), gemfibrozil (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. G9518), WY-14643 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. C7081) to investigate their effect on proliferation of HEK293, HepG2, and HT-29 cell lines. fenofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, and WY-14643 were solved in dimethyl sulfoxid to stock solution at concentration 10 mM.
Cells were plated in 96-well plates at density of 5000 cells/ well for HEK293 and 10000 cells/well for HepG2 and HT-29 in growth medium. Cells were incubated overnight and then different ligands of PPARα in different concentrations were added. Final volume of the growth media was 100 μl/well. Cells were incubated with ligands for 72 h at 37 °C and 5 % CO2. Moreover, cells were incubated in two different concentrations of DMSO (0.1 and 1 %) to confirm that there is no significant influence of DMSO on cell viability.
To quantify the cell viability, 10 μl of WST-1 reagent per well (Roche, cat. no. 11 644 807 001) was added into the growth media. Cells were incubated 90 min at 37 °C and 5 % CO2 before the measurement of absorbance at 450 nm with microplate reader Power Wave XS (Bio-Tek).
Cells were plated in 96-well plates at density of 5000 cells/ well for HEK293 and 10000 cells/well for HepG2 and HT-29 in growth medium. Cells were incubated overnight and then different ligands of PPARα in different concentrations were added. Final volume of the growth media was 100 μl/well. Cells were incubated with ligands for 72 h at 37 °C and 5 % CO2. Moreover, cells were incubated in two different concentrations of DMSO (0.1 and 1 %) to confirm that there is no significant influence of DMSO on cell viability.
To quantify the cell viability, 10 μl of WST-1 reagent per well (Roche, cat. no. 11 644 807 001) was added into the growth media. Cells were incubated 90 min at 37 °C and 5 % CO2 before the measurement of absorbance at 450 nm with microplate reader Power Wave XS (Bio-Tek).
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