2 furaldehyde

All chemicals used had a purity grade higher than 95%. Hexanal, benzaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, nonanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetaldehyde, phenylAcetaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural, 2-furaldehyde, and trans-2-nonenal were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Absolute ethanol, acetonitrile, and methanol (HPLC grade 99.99%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Sodium chloride was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Ultra-pure water with a resistivity of >18 MΩ.cm (type 1) was obtained from a Millipore Simplicity^® UV apparatus (Milford, MA, USA). The alkane solution (C7–C30) was obtained from Supelco (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

All chemicals used had a purity grade higher than 95%. Hexanal, benzaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, nonanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetaldehyde, phenylAcetaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural, 2-furaldehyde and trans-2-nonenal were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Absolute ethanol, acetonitrile, and methanol (all HPLC grade 99.99%) came from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Sodium chloride was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Ultra-pure water with a resistivity of >18 MΩ·cm (type 1) was obtained from a Millipore Simplicity^® UV apparatus (Milford, MA, USA). The alkane solution (C7–C30) was obtained from Supelco (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

E. coli MG1655 was used for the evolution experiments. Strains Glu1, Glu2, and Glu3 described here correspond to glu 1a, glu 3a, and glu 4a, respectively, elsewhere (Pereira et al., 2021 (link)). E. coli BW25115 wild-type and knockout strains from the Keio Collection (JW5849, JW2978, JW0451, JW5499, JW0465, JW3062, JW2343, JW0317, JW0482, JW2972, JW5761, JW2976) were used (Baba et al., 2006 ). Chemically competent E. coli DH5-alfa was used for the purpose of recovering plasmids, and E. coli BLR21(DE3), a protease deficient strain, was used for protein expression. The strains were kept at −80°C with 15% glycerol. Stocks and diluted solutions of glutaraldehyde (Amresco), potassium tellurite monohydrate (Alfa aesar), potassium chromate (Fisher chemical) and 2- Furaldehyde (ACROS organics) were prepared in demineralized water and filtrated with 0.22 um filters before use.