Kynurenic acid

All chemicals were purchased form Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Kynurenic acid, dynorphin A, APV, QX314-Cl, and tetrodotoxin (TTX) were purchased from Tocris/R&D Systems (Bristol, UK).

SST was purchased from Bachem. The following chemicals were products of R&D Systems: tetrodotoxin (TTX), kynurenic acid, picrotoxin, CGP55845, BAPTA, SCH23390, linopirdine, ZD7288, CH275, L-803,087, BIM 23052, 1R,1′S,3′R/1R,1′R,3′S)-L-054,264 (abbreviated as L-054,264), octreotide, CYN154806, GDP-β-S, MDL12330A, SQ22536, Rp-cAMPS, H89, KT5720, GF109203X, forskolin, IBMX, HJC0350. PKI(5-24) was provided by Enzo Life Sciences. Drugs were initially prepared in stock solution, aliquoted and stored at −20°C. For those chemicals which are only soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1%. This concentration of DMSO either in the recording pipettes or in the bath had no significant effects on neuronal activity.

The following chemicals were products of R&D Systems: AVP, TTX, kynurenic acid, picrotoxin, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), SR49059, GDP-β-S, U73122, U73343, heparin, thapsigargin, chelerythrine, bisindolylmaleimide II (Bis II), ML 133, ML 297, tertiapin-Q and tertiapin-LQ. Dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (dic8-PIP₂) was purchased from Echelon Biosciences. Drugs were initially prepared in stock solution, aliquoted and stored at −20°C. For those chemicals requiring dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, the concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1%. This concentration of DMSO either in the recording pipettes or in the bath had no significant effects on neuronal activity.

All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless noted. Kynurenic acid, DL-APV, and QX314-Cl were purchased from Tocris/R&D Systems (Bristol, UK). Chemicals purchased from other vendors are indicated below.

All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise noted. Kynurenic acid, DL-APV, and QX314-Cl were purchased from Tocris/R&D Systems (Bristol, UK).

[Arg⁸]-vasopressin (AVP) was purchased from Bachem. The following chemicals were products of R&D Systems: TTX, kynurenic acid, picrotoxin, SR49059, GDP-β-S, U73122, U73343, heparin, thapsigargin, BAPTA, chelerythrine, bisindolylmaleimide II (Bis II), capsazepine, M084, edelfosine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-on (QO-58). Dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (diC8-PIP₂) was purchased from Echelon Biosciences. Drugs were initially prepared in stock solution, aliquoted and stored at −20°C. For those chemicals requiring dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, the concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1%. This concentration of DMSO either in the recording pipettes or in the bath had no significant effects on neuronal activity.