Bath‐applied drugs were administered to the slice via a peristaltic pump purchased from Cole‐Palmer (colepalmer.com), and a three‐way valve system such that solutions reached the slice 1.5 min after the start of application. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, Na+ channel blocker), tetraethylammonium (TEA‐Cl, K+ channel blockers), Cesium (Cs+, K+ channel blocker), and the synaptic blockers (SBs) listed below, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (sigmaaldrich.com). ω‐Agatoxin‐IVA (Aga; 100 nmol/L), a specific P/Q‐type channel blocker. ω‐Conotoxin‐GVIA (CgTx; 2.5 μmol/L), a specific N‐type channel blocker. These Ca2+ channel blockers were purchased from Alomone labs (alomone.com). KN‐93, a selective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase type II (CaMKII), was purchased from Cayman (caymanchem.com). KN‐92 (10 μmol/L), an inactive derivative of KN‐93, was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (scbt.com). H89, a protein kinase inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris (tocris.com).
Peristaltic pump
Manufactured by Cole-Parmer
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses the principle of peristalsis to move fluid. It operates by the sequential contraction and relaxation of the pump's tubing, which creates a moving zone of occlusion that forces the fluid to move through the tubing in a specific direction.
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Lab products found in correlation
Sodium pyruvate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Mecamylamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tetraethylammonium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Kn 92, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Sliding microtome, by Leica Biosystems (1 mentions)
Med pc 4 software, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sp 300, by Bio-Logic (1 mentions)
Pulse dampener, by Cole-Parmer (1 mentions)
Flexima, by Boston Scientific (1 mentions)
High glucose dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Swinnex holder system, by Cole-Parmer (1 mentions)
Dmlfs, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Dm lfs, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Fatal plus, by Vortech Pharmaceuticals (1 mentions)
P6148, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bp2547, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Vibratome vt1000, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Vetbond, by 3M (1 mentions)
31 protocols using peristaltic pump
1
Ion Channel Blockers and Signaling Kinase Inhibitors
2
Brain Tissue Preparation for Histological Analysis
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Ninety minutes after testing, the animals were deeply anesthetized with thiopental (40 mg/kg) and morphine sulfate (10 mg/mL) and perfused transcardially with a solution of 4.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, using a peristaltic pump (Cole Parmer). Brains were removed, placed in paraformaldehyde for 3 h, and then transferred to a 30% sucrose/0.1 M phosphate buffer at 4 °C. Frozen whole brain coronal sections (40 mm thick) were sliced with a sliding microtome (Leica Biosystems).
3
Transcardial Perfusion and Brain Preservation
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the animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and transcardially perfused using a peristaltic pump (Cole Parmer) with 200 mL of saline solution (0.9%) for 7 min, followed by 400 mL of formaldehyde solution (4%) in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 4 °C for 14 min. Next, their brains were removed and stored in formalin solution (4%). Twenty-four hours later, the brains were transferred to a sucrose solution (30%). After sunk, they were stored at −80 °C for future use.
4
Operant Conditioning Reward Consumption
5
Shear Stress Response of SKOV3 Cells
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A flow chamber system was set up according to the design described previously15 with minor modifications. The fluid used to shear SKOV3 cells were free serum α-MEM. In brief, a 75 mm × 25 mm glass slide was seeded with SKOV3 cells, which were cultured until reaching a confluent monolayer. A silicone gasket was sandwiched between two polymethyl methacrylate plates to create a rectangular flow chamber (8.5 cm in length, 2.5 cm in width, and 0.03 cm in height) with inlet and outlet for exposing the cultured SKOV3 cells to shear stress. A steady, laminar flow across the flow chamber was generated by using a peristaltic pump (Cole-Parmer, USA). During the shear stress experiments, the flow system was kept at 37 °C in a constant temperature cabinet and equilibrated with 95% humidified air plus 5% CO2. In experiment about time, SKOV3 cells were exposed to low FSS (0.5, 1.5, or 2.0 dyne/cm2) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 h, respectively. Normal static cultured SKOV3 cells were as a control with the same passage. In the experiment about intensity, SKOV3 cells were exposed to different FSS (0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, or 5.0 dyne/cm2 respectively) for 1 or 2 h to determine IL-8 mRNA expression and 5 or 6 h to measure IL-8 protein production. Normal static cultured SKOV3 cells were also selected as a control.
6
Patch Clamp Recordings of Cochlear Hair Cells
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Patch clamp recordings were performed from hair cells within the 9–12 kHz region of the cochlear apical coil.76 (link) Cochleae were dissected out in extracellular solution composed of (in mM) 135 NaCl, 5.8 KCl, 1.3 CaCl2, 0.9 MgCl2, 0.7 NaH2PO4, 5.6 D-glucose, and 10 HEPES-NaOH. Sodium pyruvate (2 mM), amino acids and vitamins were added from concentrates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK). The pH was adjusted to 7.48 with 1 M NaOH, and the final osmolality of the solution was measured (∼308 mmol kg−1). The dissected apical coil was then transferred to a microscope chamber and immobilized via a nylon mesh attached to a stainless-steel ring. The chamber (volume 2 mL) was perfused from a peristaltic pump and mounted on the stage of an upright microscope (Olympus BX51, Japan) with Nomarski DIC optics. For electrophysiology, the hair bundle structure of the hair cells was assessed using a 60× water immersion objective, and an additional 2× magnification prior the eyepiece (15×). The microscope chamber was continuously perfused with extracellular solution by a peristaltic pump (Cole-Palmer, UK).
7
Saline Infusion in Mice
8
Intracellular NCS-1 Effects on Neuronal Oscillations
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Bath applied drugs such as SBs were administered to the slice via a peristaltic pump (Cole‐Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL), and a three‐way valve system such that solutions reached the slice 1.5 min after the start of application. The Na+ channel blocker TTX, and the SBs were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Cholinergic antagonists were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, mecamylamine (MEC, a nicotinic receptor antagonist), as well as tetraethylammonium (TEA, a wide‐range K+ channel blocker). NCS‐1 (human recombinant) was purchased from Prospec Protein Specialist (Ness‐Ziona, Israel). The effects of NCS‐1 on single‐cell oscillatory activity were studied by allowing passive diffusion of NCS‐1 (with 1.2 μL of standard intracellular solution first loaded into the pipette tip, followed by 18–20 μL of the concentration of NCS‐1 to be tested) intracellularly through the recording micropipette, during extracellular superfusion of synaptic blockers, channel blockers, and TTX in aCSF extracellular solution. Channel blockers were purchased from Alomone laboratories (Jerusalem, Israel). We used ω‐Agatoxin‐IVA (ω‐AgA; 100 nmol/L), a specific P/Q‐type channel blocker, and ω‐Conotoxin‐GVIA (ω‐CgTx; 2.5 μmol/L), a specific N‐type channel blocker.
9
In Situ Microplastic Injection and Visualization
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In situ feeding experiments were enabled by the deployment of DeepPIV (20 (link)) from the port manipulator on ROV Doc Ricketts. DeepPIV is an instrument that allows for the in situ visualization and quantification of small-scale fluid motion (Fig. 1 ). In addition to camera and laser housings, DeepPIV was equipped with a peristaltic pump (Cole Parmer), whose tubing diameter allowed for the passage of particles greater than 1 mm in size. An intravenous bladder filled with the microplastic mixture was attached to the injector such that microplastic particle–rich seawater was released from the injector tubing once the peristaltic pump was activated (fig. S1).
10
Kidney Decellularization for Scaffolds
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The arteries of the extracted kidneys were cannulated using PE-50 polyethylene catheter tubing (Clay Adams, Division of Becton Dickson, Parsippany, NJ, USA) and a 14-gage cannula and then secured with a 4-0 silk suture. Kidneys were rapidly perfused with 0.5–1 ml of heparinized PBS. After heparinization, the extracted organs were suspended in PBS, and the cannulated renal artery was perfused with a peristaltic pump (Cole-Palmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA). The kidneys were then perfused via the renal artery at a 4 ml/min rate with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for a minimal perfusion time of 6 h, followed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h. The scaffolds were then sterilized with 10.0 Ky gamma irradiation.
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