insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), IRS-1, Akt, proline-rich Akt
substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and glycogen
synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and pYpY1162/1163-IR,
pYpY1135/1136-IGF-1R, pS312-IRS-1,
pS473-Akt, pT246-PRAS40, pTpS421/424-p70S6K,
and pS9-GSK-3β (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Samples (100
μg protein) were incubated with the beads, and captured antigens were
detected with secondary antibodies and phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG
[33 (link)]. Plates were
read in a MAGPIX (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).