Calibrated digital automatic blood pressure monitor

The study included various anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and calf circumference. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the body weight in kilograms by the square of the standing height in meters. Additionally, body composition was assessed using the Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis InBody S10 (Biospace, Seoul, Korea). Furthermore, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded using a calibrated digital automatic blood pressure monitor (OMRON, Kyoto Japan).

The height, body weight, circumference of waist and hip, and blood pressure were measured as previously described [17 (link)]. Height was measured without shoes, using a SECA 206 portable body meter (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), while body weight was measured in light clothing without shoes, using a Tanita digital lithium weighing scale (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). The readings for height and weight were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.1 kg, respectively. Then, the circumference of the waist and hip was measured using a Lufkin tape. Meanwhile, the subject’s systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured using a calibrated digital automatic blood pressure monitor (OMRON, Kyoto, Japan). The blood pressure of each subject was measured twice to obtain an average reading.

Anthropometric measurements were assessed according to the standard protocols (22 (link)), which includes weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference. Body circumferences were measured using a non-extensible and flexible plastic measuring tape. All measurements were taken two times by the same assessor to obtain reliable results. The body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was calculated as the body weight in kilograms divided by the squared standing height in meters. Body composition was assessed using Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) InBody S10 (Bio-space Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also measured using a calibrated digital automatic blood pressure monitor (OMRON, Kyoto, Japan).