Free amino acid composition of persimmon cultivars was analyzed as described by [73 (link)]. Briefly, approximately 500 mg of ground sample from each cultivar was hydrolyzed in 5 mL of 6 N HCl under a vacuum in an ampulla tube for 24 h at 110 °C. The suspension was then filtered and evaporated under a vacuum. The solid residue was dissolved in 2 mL of deionized water and evaporated twice. The final residue was dissolved in 10 mL of 0.01 N HCl and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter membrane using an automatic amino acid analyzer (L-8900 Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). An amino acid standard mixture solution (type H) for automatic amino acid analysis was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and used for the accurate analysis of amino acids composition. All of the samples were run in triplicate and expressed in µg∙g−1 of dry weight.
Amino acid standard mixture solution type h
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
The Amino acid standard mixture solution (type H) from Fujifilm is a ready-to-use solution containing a mixture of common amino acids. It serves as a reference standard for the identification and quantification of amino acids in various analytical techniques.
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5 protocols using amino acid standard mixture solution type h
1
Amino Acid Profiling of Persimmon Cultivars
2
Quantifying Methionine and Proline in Plants
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Freeze-dried whole plant samples (50 mg) were used for the determination of methionine and proline levels (Ishimoto et al., 2010 (link)). Free amino acid was extracted with 240 μL of 3% sulfosalicylic acid for 60 min followed by centrifugation at 12,000 × g for 10 min at room temperature. The obtained pellet was additionally extracted two times with the same amount of extraction solution at shaking for 60 min and were combined together and the resultant suspension were further processed for amino analysis. Samples of all the treatment were hydrolyzed in 5 ml of 6N HCl under vacuum in an ampulla tube for 24 h at 110°C. The suspension was then filtered and evaporated under vacuum. The solid residue was dissolved in 2 ml of deionized water and evaporated twice again. The final residue was dissolved in 10 ml of 0.01N HCl and then filtered with a 0.22-μm filter membrane and subjected to an automatic amino acid analyzer (L-8900 Hitachi, Japan). An amino acid standard mixture solution (type H) for automatic amino acid analysis was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Japan) and used for quantification of endogenous methionine and proline levels.
3
Quantifying Plant Amino Acids
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The plant amino acids were extracted according to the protocol described by Khan et al. (2017) (link), with some modifications. Briefly, the freeze-dried whole plant samples were ground to homogenate, and 100 mg powdered samples were hydrolyzed under a vacuum in 6N HCl at 110 °C followed by 80 °C for 24 h. The dried residue was suspended in 0.02N HCl and filtered through a 0.45 µm filter. The amino acids were then quantified using an automatic amino acid analyzer (Hitachi, Japan; L-8900). The experiments were conducted in triplicate, and each replicate was comprised of six plants. The amino acid concentration was determined using relevant standards. This standard known as amino acid standard mixture solution (type H) used for the automatic amino acid investigation was procured through Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd (Japan), and used for endogenous amino acids assessment.
4
Pork Quality Assessment by Centrifugation
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The water-holding capacity (WHC) of the pork was measured by centrifuge. Three LM samples were ground and placed in a filter tube, then heated in a water bath at 80°C for 20 min, and centrifuged for 10 min at 2,000 rpm at 10°C (Eppendorf centrifuge 5810R, Germany). To calculate the cooking loss, the LM samples were packed in a polyethylene bag, heated in a water bath until the core temperature reached 72°C, and weighed before and after heating. After heating, the samples were cored (0.5×1.0×1.5 cm) parallel to the muscle fiber and the cores were used to measure the shear force using a salter (Warner Barzler Shear, Norwood, MA, USA). The amino acid content of the loin meat was determined by ion-exchange chromatography (Amino Acid Analyzer L-8900, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) with post-column derivatization with ninhydrin. Performic acid was used in oxidizing the amino acids and was neutralized with sodium citrate dihydrate and then hydrolyzed with 6 N HCl for 22 hours at 110°C to be liberated from the protein. Amino acids were quantified with the internal standard method (amino acid mixture standard solution Type H, Wako Chemical, Osaka, Japan; L-cysteic acid, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan; DL-methionine sulfone, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) by measuring the absorption of the reaction products with ninhydrin at 570 nm.
5
Amino Acid Composition of Foam Nest
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Foam nest (wet weight 10.02 mg) from R. arboreus was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid (6 M, 500 μL) at 110°C for 24 h. The resulting hydrolysate was evaporated under nitrogen gas, dissolved in 1 mL dilution buffer (0.2 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 2.2), and examined by automated amino acid analysis. Amino acid analysis was quantitatively performed using an L-8800 amino acid analyzer (Hitachi High-Tech Science, Tokyo, Japan), ninhydrin reagent L-8500 set, and amino acid mixture standard solution type H (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan). Separation was performed on an ion-exchange column according to the manufacturer's instructions. Spectral absorbances of amino acid derivatives were detected at 440 nm for proline and 570 nm for most other amino acids except for proline.
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