Total dietary fiber

Trifluoracetic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and ethanol were provided from Penta (Prague, Czech Republic). α-Amylase and neutral detergent solution package (containing sodium lauryl sulphate, EDTA disodium, sodium borate, sodium phosphate dibasic together with triethylene glycol) were purchased from Ankom Technology (Macedon, NY, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, AlCl₃·6H₂O were purchased from Penta (Prague, Czech Republic). The substance 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and standard 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) were provided from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Phenolic and sugar standards were as follows: Epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, gallic, protocatechuic, p‑hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, ellagic, o-coumaric, cinnamic acids and protocatechuic acid ethyl ester; D(+)-maltose, D(+)-glucose, D(−)-fructose, D(+)-rhamnose, D(+)-xylose, D(+)-saccharose, all were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). All standards and solvents used in this study were of HPLC-grade (purity ≥ 98.5–99.0%). Total dietary fiber and resistant starch assay kits were provided from Megazyme International Ireland Ltd. (Wicklow, Ireland).

The Total Dietary Fiber was determined in accordance with AOAC 991.43 method, using the enzymatic assay kit Total Dietary Fiber (Megazyme International Ireland Ltd, Wiclkow), following the manufacturer's instructions.