First, schoolchildren had non-cycloplegic auto-refraction by a skilled technician using TOPCON RM8800 autorefractometer (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). For children with glasses, we then measured visual acuity with presenting glasses using a Snellen chart with E optotypes from a distance of 6 meters, checked their glasses with Topcon LM 800 lensometer (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and recorded the prescription of the glasses and their prescription date. In the next stage, uncorrected visual acuity was measured in all children. Then, autorefraction results were refined using HEINE BETA 200 ophthalmoscope (HEINE Optotechnic Germany) and MSD trial lenses (MSD Meniscus Trial Lenses, Italy). In all children, first the right eye and then the left eye was tested. For those with uncorrected visual acuity less than 20/25, a subjective test was done, and results with best correction were recorded. Eventually, cycloplegic refraction was done for all children.
We used cyclopentolate 1% eye drops 3 times at 0, 5, and 15 min intervals, and refraction was tested 35 min after the last drop using the autorefractometer and ophthalmoscope.
We used cyclopentolate 1% eye drops 3 times at 0, 5, and 15 min intervals, and refraction was tested 35 min after the last drop using the autorefractometer and ophthalmoscope.